Riassunto
Aconito. È la droga costituita dalla radice di Aconitum napellus (Fam. Ranunculaceae), erba perenne delle regioni montane dell’Europa centrale. Di forma conica, la droga appare globosa, rugosa, di colore bruno. La frattura è netta e di colore bianco. Le radici giovani sono ricche di principi attivi. Contengono alcamine (sostanze alcaloidee contenenti un nucleo steroideo). Il più noto principio attivo dell’aconito è l’aconitina, un alcaloide molto tossico (la dose letale nell’uomo è di 3–6 mg). L’aconitina presenta numerosi gruppi ossidrilici, due dei quali sono esterificati. È necessario, pertanto, essiccare e conservare la droga in modo opportuno, allo scopo di evitare reazioni di idrolisi che conducano ad una perdita dell’attività. In passato la droga, per le sue proprietà analgesico-locali, veniva usata come rimedio nel trattamento della nevralgia del trigemino. Oggi, per la sua tossicità, il suo uso è piuttosto raro.
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Capasso, F. (2011). Droghe obsolete e/o poco studiate. In: Capasso, F. (eds) Farmacognosia. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1652-1_30
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