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Zukünftige Kraftstoffe pp 305–370Cite as

Technologien zur Produktion von Wasserstoff für die Herstellung synthetischer Kraftstoffe

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Zusammenfassung

Durch Hydrierung von CO2 lassen sich Kraftstoffe synthetisieren, die einen CO2-armen Betrieb von Verbrennungsmotoren ermöglichen. Voraussetzung dazu ist die CO2-arme Produktion von Wasserstoff. Referenzverfahren dafür ist die Dampfreformierung von Erdgas. Nachfolgend wird der Stand der Kenntnis zu verschiedenen infrage kommenden Verfahren und Verfahrensansätzen zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff aus fossilen Rohstoffen (Erdgas und Kohle), Biomasse, H2O und H2S beschrieben. Wichtige Parameter für eine Bewertung der Verfahren sind die Energieeffizienz, die CO2-Emission und die Integration in vorhandene Industrieparks. Primär zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas entwickelte Verfahren können zwar auch für eine Wasserstofferzeugung erweitert werden. Das ist aber für eine CO2-arme Kraftstoffsynthese kein Vorteil. Die Entwicklung der Methanpyrolyse als CO2-armes Produktionsverfahren für Wasserstoff erscheint besonders aussichtsreich, wenn die dabei entstehenden Koppelprodukte ohne CO2-Emission nutzbar sind. Die Wasserstofferzeugung durch elektrolytische Spaltung von H2O erfordert die Verwendung von CO2-freier elektrischer Energie. Die Spaltung von H2S in H2 und Schwefel ist wesentlich energieärmer als die Spaltung von Wasser aber bislang nur im Labor erfolgreich erprobt worden. Hier fehlt noch viel Entwicklungsarbeit.

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  1. Harp Process Chemistry Consulting, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Günter Harp

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  1. Günter Harp
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    Wolfgang Maus

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Harp, G. (2019). Technologien zur Produktion von Wasserstoff für die Herstellung synthetischer Kraftstoffe. In: Maus, W. (eds) Zukünftige Kraftstoffe. ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58006-6_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58006-6_15

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