Summary
The tree languages accepted by (finite state) tree-walking automata are known to form a subclass of the regular tree languages which is not known to be proper. They include all locally first-order definable tree languages. We allow the tree-walking automaton to use a finite number of pebbles, which have to be dropped and lifted in a nested fashion. The class of tree languages accepted by these tree-walking pebble automata contains all first-order definable tree languages and is still included in the class of regular tree languages. It also contains all deterministic top-down recognizable tree languages.
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Engelfriet, J., Hoogeboom, H.J. (1999). Tree-Walking Pebble Automata. In: Karhumäki, J., Maurer, H., Păun, G., Rozenberg, G. (eds) Jewels are Forever. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60207-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60207-8_7
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