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Consciousness and Neuroscience

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Neuroimaging of Consciousness

Abstract

Neuroscience has received a strong impulse from brain imaging techniques. For the first time, neuroimaging made it possible to study the brain in vivo and thereby associate mental processes with distinctive patterns of cerebral activity. Moreover, functional images of the living brain have provided a powerful instrument for the scientific study of consciousness. Advances in imaging techniques have proved invaluable for obtaining high-resolution maps of the functional and anatomical brain connectivity. Over the last few years, the notion that cerebral regions work together to form a functional network at rest was substantiated by functional imaging studies. These resting-state networks show a high level of spontaneous coupling of ongoing neuronal activity. Among the functional networks identified thus far, the so-called default mode network exhibits particularly interesting features, which might play an important role in the promotion and maintenance of conscious states, especially with regard to the level of consciousness (arousal). The objective level of arousal and the subjective contents of awareness appear to be the two planes within which the neural correlates of consciousness can be interpreted. With regard to the content dimension, which has traditionally been the most elusive to scientific exploration, a theory of conscious access should incorporate five essential concepts: a supervisory system, a serial processing, a coherent structure of recurrent neural loops, a global neuronal workspace capable to differentiate and integrate the various contents of experience, and a complex system of topological properties which identifies crucial hub nodes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Andrea Nani

  2. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

    Stefano Seri

  3. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Andrea E. Cavanna

  4. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL and Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Andrea E. Cavanna

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  1. Andrea Nani
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  2. Stefano Seri
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  3. Andrea E. Cavanna
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Correspondence to Andrea Nani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Birmingham, Dept. Neuropsychiatry, Research Group BSMHFT, Vincent Drive 25, Birmingham, B15 2FG, United Kingdom

    Andrea Eugenio Cavanna

  2. University of Birmingham, Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry, Research Group BSMHFT, Corso Brianza 26, Torino, 10153, Italy

    Andrea Nani

  3. , Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Cedar Street 333, New Haven, 06520, Connecticut, USA

    Hal Blumenfeld

  4. , Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août 8, Liège, 4000, Belgium

    Steven Laureys

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Nani, A., Seri, S., Cavanna, A.E. (2013). Consciousness and Neuroscience. In: Cavanna, A., Nani, A., Blumenfeld, H., Laureys, S. (eds) Neuroimaging of Consciousness. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37580-4_1

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