Abstract
Space is a significant resource in human interaction. In this paper, we analyse the prospects of utilising space as an important resource in agent interaction. To do this, we created a software engine called SPAGE that generates communicative action signals for an agent based on the current state of the agent and its environment. These action signals are then evaluated against a set of conditions that are logically deduced from the literature on human face-to-face interaction. Depending upon the success or failure outcomes of the evaluation, the agent then receives a reward or a punitive signal. In either case, the states of both the agent and its environment are updated. The ultimate rationale is to maximise the number of rewards for an agent. SPAGE is incorporated into a simulation platform called the K-space in order to verify the believability of the action signals, and also to analyse the effects a sequence of actions can have in giving rise to spatial-orientational patterns of agent interaction. SPAGE is modular in nature which makes future modifications or extensions easy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Breazeal, C.: Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 59, 119–155 (2003)
Cassell, J., Vilhjálmsson, H.: Fully embodied conversational avatars: Making communicative behaviors autonomous. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2, 4564 (1999)
Castelfranchi, C.: Modelling social action for ai agents. Artificial Intelligence 103(1-2), 157–182 (1998)
Castellano, G., Leite, I., Pereira, A., Martinho, C., Paiva, A., McOwan, P.: Its all in the game: Towards an affect sensitive and context aware game companion. In: 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops, ACII 2009, p. 18 (2009)
Dautenhahn, K.: Socially intelligent robots: dimensions of human robot interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362(1480), 679–704 (2007)
Goffman, E.: Behaviour in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. Free Press, New York (1963)
Jan, D., Traum, D.R.: Dynamic movement and positioning of embodied agents in multiparty conversations. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS 2007, pp. 14–114. ACM, New York (2007)
Jennings, R., Campos, J.: Towards a social level characterisation of socially responsible agents. Towards a Social Level Characterisation of Socially Responsible Agents 144(1), 11–25 (1997)
Kalenka, S., Jennings, N.R.: Socially responsible decision making by autonomous agents. In: Korta, K., Sosa, E., Arrazola, X. (eds.) Cognition, Agency and Rationality, pp. 135–149. Kluwer (1999)
Kendon, A.: Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behaviour in Focused Encounters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)
Kendon, A.: Spacing and Orientation in Co-present Interaction. In: Esposito, A., Campbell, N., Vogel, C., Hussain, A., Nijholt, A. (eds.) Second COST 2102. LNCS, vol. 5967, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Koay, K.L., Syrdal, D., Walters, M., Dautenhahn, K.: Living with robots: Investigating the habituation effect in participants preferences during a longitudinal human-robot interaction study. In: The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN 2007, pp. 564–569 (2007)
Lyman, S.M., Scott, M.B.: Territoriality: A neglected sociological dimension. Social Problems 15(2), 236–249 (1967)
Mukai, T., Seki, S., Nakazawa, M., Watanuki, K., Miyoshi, H.: Multimodal agent interface based on dynamical dialogue model: MAICO: multimodal agent interface for communication. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 1999), pp. 69–70. ACM, New York (1999)
Nakanishi, H.: Freewalk: a social interaction platform for group behaviour in a virtual space. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 60(4), 421–454 (2004)
Ono, T., Kanda, T., Imai, M., Ishiguro, H.: Embodied communications between humans and robots emerging from entrained gestures. In: 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. Proceedings, vol. 2, pp. 558–563 (2003)
Pedica, C., Vilhjálmsson, H.H.: Social Perception and Steering for Online Avatars. In: Prendinger, H., Lester, J.C., Ishizuka, M. (eds.) IVA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5208, pp. 104–116. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Pedica, C., Vilhjà lmsson, H.H.: Spontaneous Avatar Behavior for Human Territoriality. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds.) IVA 2009. LNCS, vol. 5773, pp. 344–357. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Pedica, C., Vilhjà lmsson, H.H., Là rusdòttir, M.: Avatars in conversation: the importance of simulating territorial behavior. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2010, pp. 336–342. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Pelechano, N., Allbeck, J.M., Badler, N.I.: Controlling individual agents in highdensity crowd simulation. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation (SCA 2007). Eurographics Association, pp. 99–108. Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland (2007)
Reynolds, C.W.: Steering behaviors for autonomous characters. In: Game Developers Conference, San Jose, California, pp. 763–782 (1999)
Traum, D., Rickel, J.: Embodied agents for multi-party dialogue in immersive virtual worlds, pp. 766–773 (2001)
Vilhjalmsson, H., Merchant, C., Samtani, P.: Social Puppets: Towards Modular Social Animation for Agents and Avatars. In: Schuler, D. (ed.) HCII 2007 and OCSC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4564, pp. 192–201. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Yamaoka, F., Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., Hagita, N.: A model of proximity control for information-presenting robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 26(1), 187–195 (2010)
Zlatev, J.: The epigenesis of meaning in human beings and possibly in robots. Minds and Machines 11, 155–195 (2001), doi:10.1023/A:1011218919464
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Narasimhan, K.P. (2012). SPAGE: An Action Generation Engine to Support Spatial Patterns of Interaction in Multi-agent Simulations. In: Omatu, S., De Paz Santana, J., González, S., Molina, J., Bernardos, A., RodrÃguez, J. (eds) Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol 151. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28765-7_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28765-7_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28764-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28765-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)