Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 6100))

Abstract

The integration of different development activities and artifacts into a single coherent system is a major challenge for the development of complex embedded real-time systems. For complex software the functional integration alone is a major undertaking, in the case of embedded real-time systems we in addition have to cope with all the affected system characteristics such as real-time behavior, resource consumption, and behavior in the case of failures.

In this chapter we will discuss the state-of-the-art of model-based integration. Therefore, we will clarify the terminology concerning integration, provide a classification of the integration challenges for complex embedded real-time systems, and outline the fundamental techniques employed to cope with the integration challenges. This framework is then used to explain the current standard practice concerning integration of hardware and software for functional development as well as function integration. Furthermore, a number of advanced proposal how to address some of the remaining integration challenges such as AUTOSAR and Mechatronic UML using model-based concepts are presented using the framework.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Lane, J.A., Boehm, B.: System of systems lead system integrators: Where do they spend their time and what makes them more or less efficient? Systems Engineering 11(1), 81–91 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sage, A.P., Lynch, C.L.: Systems integration and architecting: An overview of principles, practices, and perspectives. Systems Engineering 1(3), 176–227 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen, D., Torngren, M., Shi, J., Gerard, S., Lonn, H., Servat, D., Stromberg, M., Arzen, K.E.: Model integration in the development of embedded control systems - a characterization of current research efforts. In: 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control Systems Design, October 4-6, pp. 1187–1193 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Feiler, P., Gluch, D., Hudak, J.: The architecture analysis & design language (aadl): An introduction. Technical Report CMU/SEI-2006-TN-011, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Niere, J., Tichy, M., Wadsack, J.P., Wagner, R., Wendehals, L., Zündorf, A.: Tool Integration at the Meta-Model Level within the FUJABA Tool Suite. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) 6(3), 203–218 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mosterman, P.J., Ghidella, J., Friedman, J.: Model-based design for system integration. In: Second CDEN International Conference on Design Education, Innovation, and Practice, Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada, July 18-20 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dijkstra, E.W.: On the role of scientific thought, pp. 60–66. Springer, New York (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Parnas, D.L.: On the Criteria To Be Used in Decomposing Systems Into Modules. Communications of the ACM 15(12), 1053–1058 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bosch, J., Bosch-Sijtsema, P.: From integration to composition: On the impact of software product lines, global development and ecosystems. Journal of Systems and Software 83(1), 67–76 (2010) (SI: Top Scholars)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Küster, J.M., Engels, G.: Consistency management within model-based object-oriented development of components. In: de Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M., Graf, S., de Roever, W.-P. (eds.) FMCO 2003. LNCS, vol. 3188, pp. 157–176. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Giese, H., Wagner, R.: From model transformation to incremental bidirectional model synchronization. Software and Systems Modeling 8(1) (March 2009) (online first: 3/2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mellor, S., Scott, K., Uhl, A., Weise, D.: MDA Distilled: Principles of Model-Driven Architecture. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Watkins, C.B.: Modular Verification: Testing a Subset of Integrated Modular Avionics in Isolation. In: 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2006 IEEE/AIAA, Portland, OR, IEEE Xplore (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Broekman, B., Notenboom, E.: Testing Embedded Software. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  15. AUTOSAR: Web page, http://www.autosar.org/

  16. Fennel, H., Bunzel, S., et al.: H.H.: Achievements and Exploitation of the AUTOSAR Development Partnership. In: Convergence, Detroit, USA (2006) (SAE 2006-21-0019)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Richter, K.: On the Complexity of Adding Real-Time Properties to the AUTOSAR Software Component Model. In: Proc. of the 4th Workshop on Object-oriented Modeling of Embedded Real-Time Systems (OMER 4), Paderborn, Germany (October 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fürst, S.: AUTOSAR - A World Wide Standard is on the Road. In: 14th International VDI Congress Electronic Systems for Motor Vehicles, Baden-Baden, Germany (October 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lönn, H.: Far east: Modeling an automotive software architecture using the east adl. In: ICSE 2004 workshop on Software Engineering for Automotive Systems, SEAS (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Oki, B., Pfluegl, M., Siegel, A., Skeen, D.: The information bus: an architecture for extensible distributed systems. In: SOSP 1993: Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, pp. 58–68. ACM, New York (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Pardo-Castellote, G.: OMG Data-Distribution Service: Architectural Overview. In: International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, p. 200 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Allen, P. (ed.): The OMG’s Model Driven Architecture. Component Development Strategies, The Monthly Newsletter from the Cutter Information Corp. on Managing and Developing Component-Based Systems, vol. XII (January 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Object Management Group: MDA Guide Version 1.0, Document omg/2003-05-01 (May 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Selic, B., Gullekson, G., Ward, P.: Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chichester (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Awad, M., Kuusela, J., Ziegler, J.: Object-Oriented Technology for Real-Time Systems: A Practical Approach Using OMT and Fusion. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Douglass, B.P.: Real-Time UML: Developing Efficient Objects for Embedded Systems, 2nd edn. The Addison-Wesley Object Technology Series. Addison-Wesley, Reading (October 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gomaa, H.: Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML. Addison-Wesley, Reading (January 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bichler, L., Radermacher, A., Schürr, A.: Evaluation uml extensions for modeling realtime systems. In: Proc. on the 2002 IEEE Workshop on Object-oriented Realtime-dependable Systems, WORDS 2002, San Diego, USA, pp. 271–278. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Object Management Group: UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance, and Time Specification. OMG Document ptc/02-03-02 (September 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gu, Z., Kodase, S., Wang, S., Shin, K.G.: A Model-Based Approach to System-Level Dependency and Real-Time Analysis of Embedded Software. In: The 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, Toronto, Canada (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Masse, J., Kim, S., Hong, S.: Tool Set Implementation for Scenario-based Multithreading of UML-RT Models and Experimental Validation. In: The 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, Toronto, Canada (May 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Tichy, M.: Model-Driven Development of Reconfigurable Mechatronic Systems with Mechatronic UML. In: Aßmann, U., Aksit, M., Rensink, A. (eds.) MDAFA 2003. LNCS, vol. 3599, pp. 47–61. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Schäfer, W.: Model-driven architecture for hard real-time systems: From platform independent models to code. In: Hartman, A., Kreische, D. (eds.) ECMDA-FA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3748, pp. 25–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Hirsch, M., Schilling, D., Tichy, M.: The Fujaba Real-Time Tool Suite: Model-Driven Development of Safety-Critical, Real-Time Systems. In: ICSE 2005: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 670–671. ACM Press, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Object Management Group: UML 2.0 Superstructure Specification. Document: ptc/04-10-02 (convenience document) (October 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Giese, H., Tichy, M., Burmester, S., Schäfer, W., Flake, S.: Towards the Compositional Verification of Real-Time UML Designs. In: Proc. of the European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC), Helsinki, Finland. ACM Press, New York (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Giese, H., Burmester, S.: Real-Time Statechart Semantics. TechReport tr-ri-03-239, University of Paderborn (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Larsen, K., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: UPPAAL in a Nutshell. Springer International Journal of Software Tools for Technology 1(1) (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Henzinger, T.A., Nicollin, X., Sifakis, J., Yovine, S.: Symbolic Model Checking for Real-Time Systems. In: Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Tichy, M., Giese, H., Seibel, A.: Story Diagrams in Real-Time Software. In: Giese, H., Westfechtel, B. (eds.) Proc. of the 4th International Fujaba Days, Bayreuth, Germany. Volume tr-ri-06-275 of Technical Report. University of Paderborn, pp. 15–22 (September 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Henkler, S., Oberthur, S., Giese, H., Seibel, A.: Model-Driven Runtime Resource Predictions for Advanced Mechatronic Systems with Dynamic Data Structures. In: Proc. of 13th International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC), May 5-6. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (accepted 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Hirsch, M., Schilling, D.: Incremental Design and Formal Verification with UML/RT in the FUJABA Real-Time Tool Suite. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Specification and vaildation of UML models for Real Time and embedded Systems, SVERTS 2004, Satellite Event of the 7th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language, UML 2004 (October 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Becker, B., Beyer, D., Giese, H., Klein, F., Schilling, D.: Symbolic Invariant Verification for Systems with Dynamic Structural Adaptation. In: Proc. of the 28th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Shanghai, China. (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Becker, B., Giese, H.: On Safe Service-Oriented Real-Time Coordination for Autonomous Vehicles. In: Proc. of 11th International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC), May 5-7, pp. 203–210. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Burmester, S., Giese, H., Gambuzza, A., Oberschelp, O.: Partitioning and Modular Code Synthesis for Reconfigurable Mechatronic Software Components. In: Bobeanu, C. (ed.) Proc. of European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESMc 2004), Paris, France, pp. 66–73. EOROSIS Publications (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Giese, H., Tichy, M., Schilling, D.: Compositional Hazard Analysis of UML Components and Deployment Models. In: Heisel, M., Liggesmeyer, P., Wittmann, S. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3219, pp. 166–179. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  47. Giese, H., Tichy, M.: Component-Based Hazard Analysis: Optimal Designs, Product Lines, and Online-Reconfiguration. In: Górski, J. (ed.) SAFECOMP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4166, pp. 156–169. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Kopetz, H., Bauer, G.: The time-triggered architecture. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(1), 112–126 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Henzinger, T., Horowitz, B., Kirsch, C.: Giotto: a time-triggered language for embedded programming. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(1) (January 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wang, S., Shin, K.G.: Task construction for model-based design of embedded control software. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 32(4), 254–264 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Madl, G., Abdelwahed, S.: Model-based analysis of distributed real-time embedded system composition. In: EMSOFT 2005: Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software, pp. 371–374. ACM, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Krause, M., Bringmann, O., Hergenhan, A., Tabanoglu, G., Rosentiel, W.: Timing simulation of interconnected AUTOSAR software-components. In: DATE 2007: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe, San Jose, CA, USA, EDA Consortium, pp. 474–479 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: Defining platform-based design. EEDesign of EETimes (February 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Horowitz, B., Liebman, J., Ma, C., Koo, T., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A., Sastry, S.: Platform-based embedded software design and system integration for autonomous vehicles. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(1), 198–211 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. de Alfaro, L., Henzinger, T.A.: Interface theories for component-based design. In: Henzinger, T.A., Kirsch, C.M. (eds.) EMSOFT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2211, pp. 148–165. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Thiele, L., Wandeler, E., Stoimenov, N.: Real-time interfaces for composing real-time systems. In: EMSOFT 2006: Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software, pp. 34–43. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zhou, Y., Lee, E.A.: A causality interface for deadlock analysis in dataflow. In: EMSOFT 2006: Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software, pp. 44–52. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Damm, W., Votintseva, A., Metzner, A., Josko, B., Peikenkamp, T., Böde, E.: Boosting re-use of embedded automotive applications through rich components. In: Proc. of Foundations of Interface Technologies 2005, FIT 2005 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gössler, G., Sifakis, J.: Composition for component-based modeling. Sci. Comput. Program. 55(1-3), 161–183 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  60. Bliudze, S., Sifakis, J.: The algebra of connectors: structuring interaction in bip. In: EMSOFT 2007: Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software, pp. 11–20. ACM, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Reichmann, C., Markus, K., Graf, P., Müller-Glaser, K.D.: Generalstore - a case-tool integration platform enabling model level coupling of heterogeneous designs for embedded electronic systems. In: ECBS 2004: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, Washington, DC, USA, p. 225. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Altheide, F., Dörr, H., Schürr, A.: Requirements to a Framework for sustainable Integration of System Development Tools. In: Stoewer, H., Garnier, L. (eds.) Proc. of the 3rd European Systems Engineering Conference (EuSEC 2002), Toulouse, AFIS PC Chairs, pp. 53–57 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Karsai, G., Lang, A., Neema, S.: Design patterns for open tool integration. Software and System Modeling 4(2), 157–170 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Giese, H., Hildebrandt, S., Neumann, S.: Towards Integrating SysML and AUTOSAR Modeling via Bidirectional Model Synchronization. In: 5th Workshop on Model-Based Development of Embedded Systems, MBEES (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Sztipanovits, J., Karsai, G.: Model-Integrated Computing. Computer 30(4), 110–111 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Karsai, G., Sztipanovits, J., Ledeczi, A., Bapty: Model-integrated development of embedded software. Proceedings of the IEEE 91, 145–164 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Schulte, M.: Model-based integration of reusable component-based avionics systems - a case study. In: ISORC 2005: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 62–71. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Giese, H., Neumann, S., Niggemann, O., Schätz, B. (2010). 2 Model-Based Integration. In: Giese, H., Karsai, G., Lee, E., Rumpe, B., Schätz, B. (eds) Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems. MBEERTS 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6100. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16277-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16277-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16276-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16277-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics