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Environmental Surveying and Surveillance

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Environmental Monitoring using GNSS

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

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Abstract

In this section, we discuss the quantitative and qualitative data that could be collected using GNSS satellites, and in so doing, attempt to answer the question “what can GNSS satellites deliver that are of use to environmental monitoring?" The observed parameters necessary for environmental monitoring vary, depending upon the indicators being assessed. Some are physical variables such as changes in soil patterns, vegetation, rainfall, water levels, temperature, deforestation, solar and UV radiation. Others are chemical variables , e.g., pH, salinity, nutrients, metals, pesticides, while others are biological variables , e.g., species types, ecosystem health, and indicator species.

Any measurement must take into account the position of the observer. There is no such thing as measurement absolute, there is only measurement relative. Jeanette Winterson. In that case, measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so. Galileo Galilei.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    e.g., typing YUMA+GPS leads to http://celestrak.com/GPS/almanac/Yuma/.

  2. 2.

    http://www.gdgps.net/

  3. 3.

    http://www.gdgps.net/products/great-alert.html

  4. 4.

    Mobile Mapper 100. White paper: A break through in hand-held accuracy.

  5. 5.

    Some providers, such as FUGRO in Australia, have started using carrier-phase pseudorange corrections to deliver sub-centimeter accuracy.

  6. 6.

    http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/

  7. 7.

    http://www.sapos.de/pdf/Flyer/2004Flyer_e.pdf

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange (Professor of Environment and Earth Sciences)

  2. Curtin University, Perth, Australia

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange (Professor of Environment and Earth Sciences)

  3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange (Professor of Environment and Earth Sciences)

  4. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange (Professor of Environment and Earth Sciences)

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Awange, J.L. (2012). Environmental Surveying and Surveillance. In: Environmental Monitoring using GNSS. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88256-5_5

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