abstract
In this chapter, we present a framework that we have developed to support the monitoring of service level agreements (SLAs). The agreements that can be monitored by this framework are expressed in an extension of WS-Agreement that we propose. The main characteristic of the proposed extension is that it uses an event calculus–based language, called EC-Assertion, for the specification of the service guarantee terms in a service level agreement that need to be monitored at runtime. The use of EC-Assertion for specifying service guarantee terms provides a well-defined semantics to the specification of such terms and a formal reasoning framework for assessing their satisfiability. The chapter describes also an implementation of the framework and the results of a set of experiments that we have conducted to evaluate it.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews T. et al.: Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, v1.1. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-bpel
Andrieux A. et al.: Web Services Agreement Specification. Global Grid Forum, May 2004, available from: http://www.gridforum.org/Meetings/GGF11/Documents/draft-ggf-graap-agreement.pdf
Bajaj S. et al.: Web Services Policy Framework. Sep 2004, available from: ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/ws-policy.pdf
Baresi L, Guinea S, and Plebani P.: WS-Policy for Service Monitoring. 6th VLDB Workshop on Technologies for E-Services (TES-05), Trondheim, Norway, September 2–3, 2005
Baresi L., Ghezzi C., and Guinea S.: Smart Monitors for Composed Services. Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Service Oriented Computing, New York, 2004
BPWS4J: http://alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/bpws4j
Brorkens M. and Moller M.: Dynamic Event Generation for Runtime Checking using the JDI. In Klaus Havelund and Grigore Rosu (Eds.), Proceedings of the Federated Logic Conference Satellite Workshops, Runtime Verification. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 70.4, Copenhagen, July 2002.
Brorkens M., and Moller M.: Jassda Trace Assertions, Runtime Checking the Dynamic of Java Programs. In: Ina Schieferdecker, Hartmut Konig and Adam Wolisz (Eds.), Trends in Testing Communicating Systems, International Conference on Testing of Communicating Systems, Berlin, March 2002, pp. 39–48.
Capra L., Emmerich W., and Mascolo C.: Reflective middleware solutions for context-aware applications. LNCS 2192, 2001
Chen F. and Rosu G.: Java-MOP: A Monitoring Oriented Programming Environment for Java. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems, 2005
Clarke L. and Osterweil L.: Continuous Self-Evaluation for the Self-Improvement of Software. Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science #1936, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Self-Adaptive Software (IWSAS 2000), pp 27–29, April 2000, Oxford, England.
CRS Case Study: Available from: www.soi.city.ac.uk/ am697/monitoring/case_studies/CRS_Case_Study.html
Dardenne A., van Lamsweerde A., and Fickas S.: Goal-Directed Requirements Acquisition. Science of Computer Programming, 20, pp. 3–50, 1993.
EC-Assertion: http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/ gespan/EC-assertion.xsd
Efstratiou C., Friday A., Davies N., and Cheverst K.: Utilising the event calculus for policy driven adaptation on mobile systems. In Jorge Lobo Bret J. Michael and Naranker Duray, editors, 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks, pages 13–24, Monterey, Ca., U.S., 2002. IEEE Computer Society.
Emerging Technology Toolkit: http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/ettk
Farrell A, Sergot M., Salle M., and Bartolini C.: Using the event calculus for performance monitoring of Service Level Agreements in Utility Computing. In Proc. Workshop on Contract Languages and Architectures (CoALa2004), 8th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, Monterey, September 2004.
Feather M. and Fickas S.: Requirements Monitoring in Dynamic Environments. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering, 1995
Feather M.S., Fickas S., Van Lamsweerde A., and Ponsard C.: Reconciling System Requirements and Runtime Behaviour. Proc. of 9th Int. Work. on Software Specification & Design, 1998.
Finkelstein A. and Savigni A.: A Framework for Requirements Engineering for Context-Aware Services. In Proc. of 1st Int. Workshop From Software Requirements to Architectures (STRAW 01), Toronto, Canada, May 2001.
Firesmith D.: Engineering Security Requirements. Journal of Object Technology, 2(1), 53–68, Jan-Feb 2003
Kannan S., Kim M., Lee I., Sokolsky O., and Viswanathan M.: Runtime Monitoring and Steering based on Formal Specifications. Workshop on Modeling Software System Structures in a fastly moving scenario, June 2000.
Keller A. and Ludwig H.: The WSLA Framework: Specifying and Monitoring Service Level Agreements for Web Services. Technical Report RC22456 (W0205–171), IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, May 2002.
Kim M., Kannan S., Lee I., Sokolsky O., and Viswanathan M.: Java-MaC: a Runtime Assurance Tool for Java Programs. In Klaus Havelund and Grigore Rosu, editors, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 55. Elsevier Science Publishers, 2001.
Lloyd J.W.: Logic for Learning: Learning Comprehensible Theories from Structured Data. Springer Verlag, ISBN 3-540-42027-4, 2003.
Log4j: http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/, September 2003
Ludwig H., Dan A., and Kearney R.: Cremona: An Architecture and Library for Creation and Monitoring of WS-Agreements. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, November 2004, New York
Ludwig H., Keller A., Dan A., King R.P., and Franck R.: Web Service Level Agreement (WSLA) Language Specification, Version 1.0. IBM Corporation (January 2003), http://www.research.ibm.com/wsla
Mahbub K. and Spanoudakis G.: Run-time Monitoring of Requirements for Systems Composed of Web-Services: Initial Implementation and Evaluation Experience. 3rd International IEEE Conference on Web Services (ICWS 2005), July 2005
OWL-S: http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/
QTP: http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/ am697/QTP_Case_Study.html
Robinson W.: Monitoring Software Requirements using Instrumented Code. In Proc. of the Hawaii Int. Conf. on Systems Sciences, 2002.
Robinson W.N.: Monitoring Web Service Requirements. Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Requirements Engineering, 2003
Shanahan M.: The event calculus explained. In Artificial Intelligence Today, 409–430, Springer, 1999
Spanoudakis G., Kloukinas C., and Androutsopoulos K.: Towards Security Monitoring Patterns. 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Technical Track on Software Verification, March 2007
Spanoudakis G. and Mahbub K.: Non Intrusive Monitoring of Service Based Systems. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 15(3): 325–358, 2006
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mahbub, K., Spanoudakis, G. (2007). Monitoring WS-Agreements: An Event Calculus–Based Approach. In: Baresi, L., Nitto, E.D. (eds) Test and Analysis of Web Services. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72912-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72912-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-72911-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-72912-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)