Skip to main content

A Unifying Framework for Hybrid Planning and Scheduling

  • Conference paper
KI 2006: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (KI 2006)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 4314))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Many real-world application domains that demand planning and scheduling support do not allow for a clear separation of these capabilities. Typically, an adequate mixture of both methodologies is required, since some aspects of the underlying planning problem imply consequences on the scheduling part and vice versa. Several integration efforts have been undertaken to couple planning and scheduling methods, most of them using separate planning and scheduling components which iteratively exchange partial solutions until both agree on a result.

This paper presents a framework that provides a uniform integration of hybrid planning –the combination of operator based partial order planning and abstraction based hierarchical task network planning– and a hierarchical scheduling approach. It is based on a proper formal account of refinement planning, which allows for the formal definition of hybrid planning, scheduling, and search strategies. In a first step, the scheduling functionality is used to produce plans that comply with time restrictions and resource bounds. We show how the resulting framework is thereby able to perform novel kinds of search strategies that opportunistically interleave what used to be separate planning and scheduling processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Estlin, T.A., Chien, S.A., Wang, X.: An argument for a hybrid HTN/operator-based approach to planning. In: Steel, S. (ed.) ECP 1997. LNCS, vol. 1348, pp. 182–194. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Biundo, S., Schattenberg, B.: From abstract crisis to concrete relief – A preliminary report on combining state abstraction and HTN planning. In: Cesta, A., Borrajo, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Planning, pp. 157–168. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Castillo, L., Fdez-Olivares, J., González, A.: On the adequacy of hierarchical planning characteristics for real-world problem solving. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Planning (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Drabble, B., Tate, A.: The use of optimistic and pessimistic resource profiles to inform search in an activity based planner. In: Hammond, K. (ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 243–248. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Garrido, A., Salido, M.A., Barber, F.: Scheduling in a planning environment. In: Sauer, J., Köhler, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop on New Results in Planning, Scheduling and Design, pp. 36–43 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Srivastava, B., Kambhampati, S.: Scaling up planning by teasing out resource scheduling. In: Biundo, S., Fox, M. (eds.) ECP 1999. LNCS, vol. 1809, pp. 172–186. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. El-Kholy, A., Richards, B.: Temporal and resource reasoning in planning: The parcPLAN approach. In: Wahlster, W. (ed.) Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 614–618. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Laborie, P., Ghallab, M.: Planning with sharable resource constraints. In: Mellish, C.S. (ed.) Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1643–1651. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Schattenberg, B., Biundo, S.: On the identification and use of hierarchical resources in planning and scheduling. In: Ghallab, M., Hertzberg, J., Traverso, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, pp. 263–272. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Garcia, F., Laborie, P.: Hierarchisation of the seach space in temporal planning. In: Ghallab, M., Milani, A. (eds.) New Directions in AI Planning, Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on AI Planning. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 31, pp. 217–232. IOS Press, Amsterdam (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Schattenberg, B., Weigl, A., Biundo, S.: Hybrid planning using flexible strategies. In: Furbach, U. (ed.) KI 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3698, pp. 258–272. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Clement, B.J., et al.: Using abstraction in planning and scheduling. In: Cesta, A., Borrajo, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Planning, pp. 145–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dechter, R., Meiri, I., Pearl, J.: Temporal constraint networks. Artificial Intelligence 49, 61–91 (1991)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Lhomme, O.: Consistency techniques for numeric CSPs. In: Bajcsy, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 232–238. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Biundo, S., Holzer, R., Schattenberg, B.: Dealing with continuous resources in AI planning. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Space (IWPSS’04), pp. 213–218. European Space Agency Publications Division (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Biundo, S., Holzer, R., Schattenberg, B.: Project planning under temporal uncertainty. In: Castillo, L., et al. (eds.) Planning, Scheduling, and Constraint Satisfaction: From Theory to Practice. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 117, pp. 189–198. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Christian Freksa Michael Kohlhase Kerstin Schill

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schattenberg, B., Biundo, S. (2007). A Unifying Framework for Hybrid Planning and Scheduling. In: Freksa, C., Kohlhase, M., Schill, K. (eds) KI 2006: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. KI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4314. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69912-5_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69912-5_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69911-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69912-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics