The European model is a model of decentralization, determined by the principle of subsidiarity.
The principle was already implicit in the original version of the Treaty of Rome. But now it is explicitly stated, after the Single European Act and the Treaty of Maastricht. According to art. 5 of the EC Treaty, “in areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence, the Community shall take action, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, only if and in so far as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action, be better achieved by the Community.
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Porto, M. (2009). Decentralization and Structural Policies: The European Experience. In: Oliveira, J.C., Cardinal, P. (eds) One Country, Two Systems, Three Legal Orders - Perspectives of Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68572-2_29
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