Abstract
Creating useful models of the hippocampus will rely upon our ability to bridge between local circuitry and behavior. A critical intermediate between these levels is the functional activity of hippocampal principal neurons, the elements of neuronal information processing. This chapter provides an overview of the functional correlates of hippocampal neuronal activity, focusing on the nature of inputs these neurons receive; the broad range of sensory, behavioral, and spatial and temporal features of events captured by firing patterns of hippocampal neurons; and a framework for thinking about how the hippocampus organizes information from its inputs to support memory coding and retrieval.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ainge JA, Tamosiunaite M, Woergoetter F, Dudchencko PA (2007) Hippocampal CA1 place cells encode intended destination on a maze with multiple choice points. J Neurosci 27:9769–9779
Anderson MI, Jeffery KJ (2003) Heterogeneous modulation of place cell firing by changes in context. J Neurosci 23:8827–8835
Bar M, Aminoff E (2003) Cortical analysis of visual context. Neuron 38:347–358
Best PJ, White AW, Minai A (2001) Spatial processing in the brain: the activity of hippocampal place cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 24:459–486
Bower MR, Euston DR, McNaughton BL (2005) Sequential-context dependent hippocampal activity is not necessary to learn sequences with repeated elements. J Neurosci 15:1313–1323
Brown MW, Aggleton JP (2001) Recognition memory: what are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus? Nat Rev Neuroscience 2:51–61
Brown MW, Xiang JZ (1998) Recognition memory: neuronal substrates of the judgment of prior occurrence. Prog Neurobiol 55:149–189
Burwell RD (2000) The parahippocampal region: corticocortical connectivity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 911:25–42
Eichenbaum H (2000) A cortical-hippocampal system for declarative memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 1:41–50
Eichenbaum H (2004) Hippocampus: cognitive processes and neural representations that underlie declarative memory. Neuron 44:109–120
Eichenbaum H (2013) Memory on time. Trends Cogn Sci 17:81–88
Eichenbaum H (2014) Time cells in the hippocampus: a new dimension for mapping memories. Nat Rev Neurosci 15:732–744
Eichenbaum H, Otto T, Cohen NJ (1994) Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system. Brain Behav Sci 17:449–518
Eichenbaum H, Dudchencko P, Wood E, Shapiro M, Tanila H (1999) The Hippocampus memory, and place cells: is it spatial memory or a memory space? Neuron 23:209–226
Eichenbaum H, Yonelinas AR, Ranganath C (2007) The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory. Annu Rev Neurosci 20:123–152
Ekstrom AD, Kahana MJ, Caplan JB, Fields TA, Isham EA, Newman EL et al (2003) Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation. Nature 425:184–187
Epstein R, Kanwisher N (1998) A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature 392:598–601
Fenton AA, Wsierska M, Kaminsky Y, Bures J (1998) Both here and there: simultaneous expression of autonomous spatial memories in rats. PNAS USA 95:11493–11,498
Ferbinteanu J, Shapiro ML (2003) Prospective and retrospective memory coding in the hippocampus. Neuron 40:1227–1239
Frank L, Brown EN, Wilson M (2000) Trajectory encoding in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Neuron 27:169–178
Fyhn M, Molden S, Hollup S, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2002) Hippocampal neurons responding to first-time dislocation of a target object. Neuron 35:555–566
Fyhn M, Molden S, Witter MP, Moser EI, Moser M-B (2004) Spatial representation in the entorhinal cortex. Science 305:1258–1264
Gelbard-Sagiv H, Mukamel R, Harel M, Malach R, Fried I (2008) Internally generated reactivation of single neurons in human hippocampus during free recall. Science 322:96–101
Gill PR, Mizumori SJ, Smith DM (2011) Hippocampal episode fields develop with learning. Hippocampus 21:1240–1249
Gothard KM, Skaggs WE, Moore KM, McNaughton BL (1996a) Binding of hippocampal CA1 neural activity to multiple reference frames in a landmark-based navigation task. J Neurosci 16:823–835
Gothard KM, Skaggs W, McNaughton BL (1996b) Dynamics of mismatch correction in the hippocampal ensemble code for space: interaction between path integration and environmental cues. J Neurosci 16:8027–8040
Griffin AL, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo ME (2007) Spatial representations of hippocampal CA1 neurons are modulated by behavioral context in a hippocampus-dependent memory task. J Neurosci 27:2416–2423
Hampson RE, Pons TP, Stanford TR, Deadwyler SA (2004) Categorization in the monkey hippocampus: a possible mechanism for encoding information into memory. PNAS USA 101:3184–3189
Hargreaves EL, Rao G, Lee I, Knierim JJ (2005) Major dissociation between medial and lateral entorhinal input to dorsal hippocampus. Science 5729:1792–1794
Hok V, Lenck-Santini P-P, Roux S, Save E, Muller RU, Poucet B (2007) Goal-related activity in hippocampal place cells. J Neurosci 27:472–482
Hollup SA, Molden S, Donnett JG, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2001) Accumulation of hippocampal place fields at the goal location in an annular watermaze task. J Neurosci 21:1635–1644
Howard MW, Eichenbaum H (2013) The hippocampus, time, and memory across scales. J Exp Psychol Gen 142:1211–1230
Hsieh LT, Gruber MJ, Jenkins LJ, Ranganath C (2014) Hippocampal activity patterns carry information about objects in temporal context. Neuron 81:1165–1178
Itskov PM, Vinnik E, Diamond ME (2011) Hippocampal representation of touch-guided behavior in rats: persistent and independent traces of stimulus and reward location. PLoS One 6(1):e16462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016462
Itskov PM, Vinnik E, Honey C, Schnupp J, Diamond ME (2012) Sound sensitivity of neurons in rat hippocampus during performance of a sound-guided task. J Neurophysiol 107:1822–1834
Jackson J, Redish AD (2007) Network dynamics of hippocampal cell assemblies resemble multiple spatial maps within single trials. Hippocampus 17(12):1209–1229
Komorowski RW, Manns JR, Eichenbaum H (2009) Robust conjunctive item-place coding by hippocampal neurons parallels learning what happens. J Neurosci 29:9918–9929
Kraus BJ, Robinson RJ II, White JA, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo ME (2013) Hippocampal ‘time cells’: time versus path integration. Neuron 78:1090–1101
Kraus BJ, Brandon MP, Robinson RJ 2nd, Connerney MA, Hasselmo ME, Eichenbaum H (2015) During running in place, grid cells integrate elapsed time and distance run. Neuron 88:578–589
Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I (2000) Category-specific visual responses of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe. Nat Neurosci 3:946–953
Lee I, Yoganarasimha D, Rao G, Knierim JJ (2004) Comparison of population coherence of place cells in hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3. Nature 430:456–459
Lee I, Griffin AL, Zilli EA, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo M (2006) Gradual translocation of spatial correlates of neuronal firing in the hippocampus toward prospective reward locations. Neuron 51:539–650
Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK, Treves A, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2004) Distinct ensemble codes in hippocampal areas CA3 and CA1. Science 305:1295–1298
Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK, Barnes CA, Moser EI, McNaughton BL, Moser M-B (2005a) Independent codes for spatial and episodic memory in hippocampal neuronal ensembles. Science 309:619–623
Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2005b) Place cells, spatial maps, and the population code for memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:1–9
Levy WB (1989) A Computational approach to hippocampal function. In: Hawkins RD, Bowers GH (eds) Computational models of learning in simple neural systems. Academic, San Diego, pp 243–305
Lipton PA, White J, Eichenbaum H (2007) Disambiguation of overlapping experiences by neurons the medial entorhinal cortex. J Neurosci 27:5787–5795
Louie K, Wilson MA (2001) Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron 29:145–156
MacDonald CJ, Lepage KQ, Eden UT, Eichenbaum H (2011) Hippocampal “time cells” bridge the gap in memory for discontiguous events. Neuron 71:737–749
MacDonald CJ, Carrow S, Place R, Eichenbaum H (2013) Distinct hippocampal time cell sequences represent odor memories in immobilized rats. J Neurosci 33:14607–14,616
Manns JR, Eichenbaum H (2006) Evolution of the hippocampus. In: Kaas JH (ed) Evolution of nervous systems, vol 3. Academic, Oxford, pp 465–490
Manns JR, Howard M, Eichenbaum H (2007) Gradual changes in hippocampal activity support remembering the order of events. Neuron 56:530–540
Markus EJ, Qin Y-L, Leonard B, Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA (1995) Interactions between location and task affect the spatial and directional firing of hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 15:7079–7094
McKenzie S, Frank AJ, Kinsky NR, Porter B, Rivière PD, Eichenbaum H (2014) Hippocampal representation of related and opposing memories develop within distinct, hierarchically-organized neural schemas. Neuron 83:202–215
McNaughton BL, Chen L, Markus EJ (1991) “Dead reckoning”, landmark learning, and the sense of direction: a neurophysiological and computational hypothesis. J Cogn Neurosci 3:190–202
McNaughton BL, Battaglia FP, Jensen O, Moser EI, Moser M-B (2007) Path integration and the neural basis of the ‘cognitive map’. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:663–678
Modi MN, Dhawale AK, Bhalla US (2014) CA1 cell activity sequences emerge after reorganization of network correlation structure during associative learning. elife 3:e01982
Moita MA, Rosis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT (2003) Hippocampal place cells acquire location-specific responses to the conditioned stimulus during auditory fear conditioning. Neuron 37:485–497
Muller RU (1996) A quarter of a century of place cells. Neuron 17:813–822
Muller RU, Kubie JL, Ranck JB Jr (1987) Spatial firing patterns of hippocampal complex spike cells in a fixed environment. J Neurosci 7:1935–1950
Naya Y, Suzuki WA (2011) Integrating what and when across the primate medial temporal lobe. Science 333:773–776
O’Keefe JA (1979) A review of hippocampal place cells. Prog Neurobiol 13:419–439
O’Keefe J, Burgess N (1996) Geometric determinants of the place fields of hippocampal neurons. Nature 381:425–428
Olton DS, Branch M, Best PJ (1978) Spatial correlates hippocampal unit activity. Exp Neurol 58:387–409
Pastalkova E, Itskov V, Amarasingham A, Buzsaki G (2008) Internally generated cell assembly sequences in the rat hippocampus. Science 321(5894):1322–1327
Paz R, Gelbard-Sagiv H, Mukamel R, Harel M, Malach R, Fried I (2010) A neural substrate in the human hippocampus for linking successive events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:6046–6051
Pfeiffer BE, Foster DJ (2013) Hippocampal place cell sequences depict future paths to remembered goals. Nature 497:74–79
Pfeiffer BE, Foster DJ (2015) Autoassociative dynamics in the generation of sequences of hippocampal place cells. Science 349:180–183
Rawlins JNP (1985) Associations across time: The hippocampus as a temporary memory store. Behav Brain Sci 8:479–496
Rivard B, Li Y, Lenck-Santini P-P, Poucet B, Muller RU (2004) Representation of objects in space by two classes of hippocampal pyramidal cells. J Gen Physiol 124:9–25
Robitsek JR, White J, Eichenbaum H (2013) Place cell activation predicts subsequent memory. Behav Brain Res 254:65–72
Rotenberg A, Muller RU (1997) Variable place-cell coupling to a continuously viewed stimulus: evidence that the hippocampus acts as a perceptual system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 352:1505–1513
Sargolini F, Fyhn M, Hafting T, McNaughton BL, Witter MP, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2006) Conjunctive representation of position, direction, and velocity in entorhinal cortex. Science 312:758–762
Schiller D, Eichenbaum H, Buffalo EA, Davachi L, Foster DJ, Leutgeb S, Ranganath C (2015) Memory and space: towards an understanding of the cognitive map. J Neurosci 35:13904–13,911
Shapiro ML, Tanila H, Eichenbaum H (1997) Cues that hippocampal place cells encode: Dynamic and hierarchical representation of local and distal stimuli. Hippocampus 7:624–642
Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL (1998) Spatial firing properties of hippocampal CA1 populations in an environment containing two visually identical regions. J Neurosci 18:8455–8466
Squire LR, Stark CE, Clark RE (2004) The medial temporal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:279–306
Suzuki WA, Amaral DG (1994) Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey: cortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 350:497–533
Suzuki W, Eichenbaum H (2000) The neurophysiology of memory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 911:175–191
Tanila H, Shapiro M, Gallagher M, Eichenbaum H (1997a) Brain Aging: impaired coding of novel environmental cues. J Neurosci 17:5167–5174
Tanila H, Shapiro ML, Eichenbaum H (1997b) Discordance of spatial representation in ensembles of hippocampal place cells. Hippocampus 7:613–623
Tanila H, Sipila P, Shapiro M, Eichenbaum H (1997c) Brain aging: changes in the nature of information coding by the hippocampus. J Neurosci 17:5155–5166
Tulving E (1983) Elements of episodic memory. Oxford Univ Press, New York
Vinnik E, Antopolskiy S, Itskov PM, Diamond ME (2012) Auditory stimuli elicit hippocampal neuronal responses during sleep. Front Syst Neurosci 6:49
Wallenstein GV, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo ME (1998) The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events. Trends Neurosci 21:315–365
Wan H, Aggleton JP, Brown MW (1999) Different contributions of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex to recognition memory. J Neurosci 19:1142–1148
Wiener SI, Paul CA, Eichenbaum H (1989) Spatial and behavioral correlates of hippocampal neuronal activity. J Neurosci 9:2737–2763
Wills TJ, Lever C, Cacucci F, Burgess N, O’Keefe J (2005) Attractor dynamics in the hippocampal representation of the local environment. Science 308:873–876
Wilson M, McNaughton BL (1993) Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space. Science 261:1055–1058
Wirth S, Yanike M, Frank LM, Smith AC, Brown EN, Suzuki WA (2003) Single neurons in the monkey hippocampus and learning of new associations. Science 300:1578–1581
Wood E, Dudchenko PA, Eichenbaum H (1999) The global record of memory in hippocampal neuronal activity. Nature 397:613–616
Wood E, Dudchenko P, Robitsek JR, Eichenbaum H (2000) Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location. Neuron 27:623–633
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eichenbaum, H. (2018). Spatial, Temporal, and Behavioral Correlates of Hippocampal Neuronal Activity: A Primer for Computational Analysis. In: Cutsuridis, V., Graham, B., Cobb, S., Vida, I. (eds) Hippocampal Microcircuits. Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99103-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99103-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99102-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99103-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)