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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 33 pp 203–229Cite as

Halophilic Microbial Ecology for Agricultural Production in Salt Affected Lands

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Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 33))

Abstract

Halophiles microbes are present in hypersaline environments. Several alkaliphilic Bacillus species isolated from soils show halophilic characteristics. Genera that include halophilic species isolated from soil samples are Halobacillus, Filobacillus, Tenuibacillus, Lentibacillus, and Thalassobacillus. Species from Filobacillus, Thalassobacillus, Lentibacillus and Tenuibacillus genera are moderately halophile. The family Nocardiopsaceae predominate in saline or alkaline soils. Many Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, or halotolerant species are included in the family Halomonadaceae. Microorganisms from the genus Streptomonospora, which are Gram-positive, aerobic organisms with branching hyphae, are found to grow upto 15% NaCl.

Mycorrhizal fungi can increase the growth of plants growing in salinity. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have the ability to protect plants from salt stress. Compatible solute strategy is employed by the majority of moderately halophilic and halotolerant bacteria. All halophilic microorganisms contain potent transport mechanisms, generally based on Na+/H+ antiporters, to expel sodium ions from the interior of the cell. Also, some halophiles express aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity that removes stress, ethylene from the rhizosphere and some produce auxins that promote root growth. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induces plants salt stress tolerance. Inoculation of halophilic plant growth-promoting bacterial strains reduces sodium by 19% in soil. Also, with such method, the yield of wheat and Zea mays can be increased by 10–12% under salinity stress. Liquid bioformulations of efficient halophilic plant growth promoters improvs crop yields under salt stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjay Arora

  2. V.N. South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India

    Meghna J. Vanza

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  1. Sanjay Arora
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  1. CEREGE, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Arora, S., Vanza, M.J. (2018). Halophilic Microbial Ecology for Agricultural Production in Salt Affected Lands. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 33. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99076-7_7

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