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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

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Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

Abstract

Children with developmental disabilities experience a high degree of sleep disturbance. Insomnia symptoms are the most commonly reported problems, though circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders may also be common. There is significant overlap between insomnia symptoms and several symptoms associated with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs), suggesting that such disorders should be considered. A small body of literature has demonstrated that children with developmental disorders can present with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. In particular irregular and free-running rhythms are commonly reported. Supporting the presence of CRSWDs, melatonin abnormalities have also been reported. This chapter demonstrates that CRSWDs may be common in children with developmental disorders and intellectual impairment and that consideration should be given to such diagnoses as these can inform the most appropriate treatment for each individual.

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Abbreviations

AASM:

American Academy of Sleep Medicine

AS:

Angelman syndrome

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

ASWPD:

Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder

CRSWD:

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

CRSWD-NOS:

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder—not otherwise specified

DD:

Developmental disability

DLMO:

Dim light melatonin onset

DS:

Down syndrome

DSWPD:

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder

ICSD:

International classification of sleep disorders

ID:

Intellectual disability

ISWRD:

Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder

N24SWD:

Non-24-h sleep-wake disorder

NDD:

Neurodevelopmental disability

PWS:

Prader-Willi syndrome

RS:

Rett syndrome

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

SMS:

Smith-Magenis syndrome

WS:

Williams syndrome

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Amanda L. Richdale

  2. Diagnosis and Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Emma K. Baker

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  1. Amanda L. Richdale
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  2. Emma K. Baker
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Correspondence to Amanda L. Richdale .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA

    Jennifer A. Accardo

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Richdale, A.L., Baker, E.K. (2019). Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. In: Accardo, J. (eds) Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98414-8_9

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