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Fine-Tuning the Stem Cell Fate by Autophagy

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Autophagy in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

A constant balance is required between the anabolic and catabolic process to maintain cellular homeostasis. The cellular processing of cytoplasmic components by autophagy is the major pathway for intracellular degradation and recycling. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and tissue remodeling during normal development. Basal level of autophagy is prevalent in most tissues and it adds to the normal turnover of cytoplasmic components in the cell. Autophagy is also associated with health and longevity of dividing and differentiated cells. Dysregulation of autophagic pathways have been linked with the pathogenesis of diseases like cancer and various neurodegenerative disorders. The stem cells are a unique population of cells in the body having a high longevity and differentiation ability; hence autophagy is predicted to play a crucial role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis of these cells. Extensive information elucidating the function of autophagy in somatic cells is available but in contrast, the implication of autophagy in maintenance as well as differentiation of stem cells is being revealed recently. In this chapter, we discuss the recent updates in our knowledge of stem cell differentiation, quiescence, and the role of autophagy in their regulation.

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Abbreviations

AKT:

Serine/threonine kinase 3

APL:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

ATG:

Autophagy-related gene

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BMMSC:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

CSC:

Cancer stem cells

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

ESC:

Embryonic stem cells

FIP200:

FAK-family interacting protein 200

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cells

IBMX:

Isobutyl methyl xanthine

LC3:

Light chain 3

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

OSM:

Oncostatin M

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PI3:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SC:

Stem cell

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

    Shalmoli Bhattacharyya & Ajay Kumar

Authors
  1. Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
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  2. Ajay Kumar
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Bhattacharyya, S., Kumar, A. (2018). Fine-Tuning the Stem Cell Fate by Autophagy. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Autophagy in Health and Disease. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98146-8_2

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