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Anatomy and Physiology-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hydrocephalus

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders

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Abstract

The development of advanced neuroimaging techniques over the past several decades has served a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. The latest evidence from both human and animal research suggests that one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying poor outcomes in these patients is damage to vulnerable white matter structures in the brain due to ventricular enlargement and increased intracranial pressure. However, a clear understanding of these white matter abnormalities and their implications on neurobehavioral outcomes in this patient population is not well understood. To this end, magnetic resonance techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, probabilistic diffusion tractography, and elastography, to name a few, have recently been studied to assess noninvasive quantification of these abnormalities and the biomechanics of brain tissue. Our chapter examines the evolution of magnetic resonance neuroimaging technology in hydrocephalus. We particularly focus on the use of anatomy and physiology-based imaging techniques and diffusion tensor imaging which are supported by a growing body of literature as promising noninvasive tools in the diagnosis and long-term management. We conclude with a brief discussion on more novel, emerging techniques such as magnetic resonance elastography and experimental imaging such as synthetic magnetic resonance imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Smruti K. Patel, Shawn M. Vuong & Francesco T. Mangano

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Weihong Yuan

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  1. Smruti K. Patel
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  2. Shawn M. Vuong
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  3. Weihong Yuan
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  4. Francesco T. Mangano
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Correspondence to Francesco T. Mangano .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA

    David D. Limbrick Jr.

  2. Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jeffrey R. Leonard

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Patel, S.K., Vuong, S.M., Yuan, W., Mangano, F.T. (2019). Anatomy and Physiology-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hydrocephalus. In: Limbrick Jr., D., Leonard, J. (eds) Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97928-1_7

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