Biopolymer Technologies for Environmental Applications

Palanisamy, Kanmani; Jeyaseelan, Aravind; Murugesan, Kamaraj; Palanisamy, Suresh Babu

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_3

Kanmani Palanisamy⁸,
Aravind Jeyaseelan⁹,
Kamaraj Murugesan⁹ &
…
Suresh Babu Palanisamy⁹

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 22))

1460 Accesses
6 Citations

Abstract

Pollution of water resources resulting from effluent discharge has been a long-standing environmental concern. Traditional methods of wastewater treatment are often ineffective in meeting the required standards and are not cost-effective. Use of biopolymers as adsorbents and natural flocculants in wastewater treatment is thus gaining prominence. Production from nonrenewable resources and their resistance to biodegradation are issues that deter us from relying on conventional petrochemical-based polymers. In this context, biopolymers derived from natural sources are emerging as sustainable and safe alternatives. Especially, cellulose and chitosan have attracted a great deal of attention.

Here, we reviewed the potential environmental benefits of other equally resourceful biopolymers such as tannin, pectin, agar, alginate, acrylamide, carrageenan, starch, dextran, polylactic acid, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. The major points are as follows: (1) Biopolymers function as useful adsorbents for the removal of organic as well as inorganic pollutants encompassing fluorides, nitrates, phosphates, heavy metal hydrocarbons, dyes, and pesticides. For such applications, biopolymer-based hydrogels and nanocomposite films have been experimented with. (2) The coagulating-flocculating abilities of biopolymers result in enhanced effluent clarification. (3) Biopolymers have been relied upon for pro-environment initiatives in the agricultural and construction sectors. Soil strengthening, anti-desertification, and sealing of concrete leaks are a few instances where they could play a lead role. (4) The far-reaching applications of these compounds extend to making catalysts for hydrogen generation and proton-conducting membranes for electrochemical devices. Recent developments on these fronts, their techno-economic feasibilities, and future prospects have been focused in this review.

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Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Kanmani Palanisamy
College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Aravind Jeyaseelan, Kamaraj Murugesan & Suresh Babu Palanisamy

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Kanmani Palanisamy
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Aravind Jeyaseelan
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Kamaraj Murugesan
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Suresh Babu Palanisamy
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School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
K M Gothandam
DST-Centre for Policy Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shivendu Ranjan
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nandita Dasgupta
Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, Aix en Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Palanisamy, K., Jeyaseelan, A., Murugesan, K., Palanisamy, S.B. (2019). Biopolymer Technologies for Environmental Applications. In: Gothandam, K., Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Nanoscience and Biotechnology for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_3

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_3
Published: 06 February 2019
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