Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cypriot Nationalisms in Context pp 135–153Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Imported Nationalism: The Appearance and Evolution of “X” Organization in Cyprus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Alecou aims to examine the reasons and consequences of the belayed development of far-right in Cyprus in the 1940s, focusing on the appearance and evolution of the “X” organization. While the effects of nationalism on the political life in Cyprus have been influential throughout its contemporary history, nationalism produced a permanent division among the society of the Greek Cypriot community. The analysis focuses on the evolution and radicalization of extreme right groups in Greece and then attention switches to the relation between the Greek and Cypriot nationalists, and especially the influence of the Greeks on the Greek Cypriots during the Greek civil war.

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Extreme right in Cyprus, Turkey and Greece on 1 November 2014 (University of Cyprus) under the title “Far-right in Greece and Cyprus: Evolution and radicalization in the 1940s”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alecou, A. (2012). 1948: Ο ελληνικός εμφύλιος και η Κύπρος [The Greek Civil War and Cyprus]. Nicosia: Power Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alecou, A. (2016). Communism and Nationalism in Postwar Cyprus, 1945–1955. New York: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Athanasiades, G. (1994). The First Act of the Greek Tragedy [Η πρώτη πράξη της ελληνικής τραγωδίας]. Athens: Syghroni Epohi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, D. S.-G. (2003). Globalization, the Welfare State and Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe. Socio-economic Review, 1, 215–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bujeiro, C. C. (2009). Blue Division Soldier 1941–45: Spanish Volunteer on the Eastern Front. Oxford: Osprey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drousiotis, M. (2000). Πως φτάσαμε στην ΕΟΚΑ [How We Ended up to EOKA]. Nicosia: Alfadi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellinas, A. A. (2013). The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece. South European Society and Politics, 18(4), 543–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, H. (1982). Επαφές μεταξύ των Γερμανικών Αρχών Κατοχής και των Κυριότερων Οργανώσεων της Ελληνικής Αντίστασης [Contacts Between German Occupation Authorities and the Major Greek Resistance Organizations: Sound Tactics or Collaboration?]. In J. Iatrides (Ed.), Η Ελλάδα στη Δεκαετία του 1940–1950: Ένα Έθνος σε Κρίση [Greece in the ‘40s: A Nation in Crisis] (pp. 91–115). Athens: Themelio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, H. (1995). The National Liberation Front (EAM), 1941–1947. A Reassessment. In J. Iatrides & L. Wrigley (Eds.), Greece at the Crossroads. The Civil War and Its Legacy (pp. 56, 48–89). New York: Pennsylvania State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grivas, G. (1947, August 25). Το αμείλικτον κατηγορώ. Newspaper of Hites.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatzis, T. (1982). The Lost Winning Revolution [Η νικηφόρα επανάσταση που χάθηκε]. Athens: Dorikos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurado, C., & Bujeiro, R. (2009). Blue Division Soldier 1941–45: Spanish Volunteer on the Eastern Front. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsiaounis, R. (2000). I Diaskeptiki 1946–1948 [Η Διασκεπτική 1946–1948]. Nicosia: Scientific Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsourides, Y. (2013a). Determinants of Extreme Right Reappearance in Cyprus: The National Popular Front (ELAM), Golden Dawn’s Sister Party. South European Society and Politics, 18(4), 567–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsourides, Y. (2013b). Nationalism, Anti-colonialism and the Crystallisation of Greek Cypriot Nationalist Party Politics. Common Wealth and Comparative Politics, 51(4), 503–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis, G. (2001). History of the Greek Civil War 1946–1949 [Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Εμφυλίου Πολέμου 1946–1949]. Athens: Vivliorama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marketos, S. (2006). How I Kissed Mussolini: The First Steps of Greek Fascism [Πώς φίλησα τον Μουσσολίνι. Τα πρώτα βήματα του ελληνικού φασισμού]. Athens: Vivliorama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marketos, S. (2009). Η ελληνική άκρα δεξιά τη δεκαετία του 1940 [The Greek Far Right in the ‘40s]. In C. Chatziosif (Ed.), ΙστορίατηςΕλλάδαςτου 20ούαιώνα: Ανασυγκρότηση, Εμφύλιος, Παλινόρθωση 1945–1952 [History of Greece in the 20th Century: Reformation, Civil War, Restoration 1945–1952] (Vol. D2, pp. 1–66). Athens: Vivliorama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazower, M. (1994). In Hitler’s Greece [Στην Ελλάδα του Χίτλερ]. Athens: Alexandreia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudde, C. (1996). The War of Words Defining the Extreme Right Party Family. West European Politics, 19(2), 225–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolakopoulos, I. (2005). Η Τραγική Πορεία προς τον Εμφύλιο Πόλεμο [The Tragic March Towards the Civil War]. In C. Karagiorgis (Ed.), Δημοκράτες χωρίς Δημοκρατία-Τα μοιραία χρόνια 1946–47 [Democrats Without Democracy. The Fatal Years] (pp. 11–23). Athens: Proskinio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou, S. (2004). Grivas and the X Organization: The Lost Archive [Ο Γρίβας και η «Χ», Το χαμένο αρχείο]. Athens: Nea Thesis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passmore, Κ. (2002). Fascism. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paxton, R. (2007). The Anatomy of Fascism. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rallis, G. (1993). Looking Back [Κοιτάζοντας πίσω] (Vol. 301). Athens: Ermeias.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. (1982). On Present Conditions in Central Greece. In L. Baerentzen (Ed.), British Reports on Greece 1943–44 (p. 5). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, J. (1977). Conservatism in Europe 1770–1945. Traditionalism, Reaction and Counter-Revolution. London: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhouse, C. M. (1948). Apple of Discord. London: William B Oneill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhouse, C. M. (2002). The Struggle for Greece, 1941–1949. London: Hurst Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

Archival material

  • Y.D.I.A. Diplomatic and Historical Archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 88/1, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

Newspapers

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of History, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Alexios Alecou

Authors
  1. Alexios Alecou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Political Science and History, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece

    Thekla Kyritsi

  2. Center for Turkish Studies and School of History and Civilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China

    Nikos Christofis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Alecou, A. (2018). Imported Nationalism: The Appearance and Evolution of “X” Organization in Cyprus. In: Kyritsi, T., Christofis, N. (eds) Cypriot Nationalisms in Context. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97804-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97804-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97803-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97804-8

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation