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Background and State of the Art

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Book cover A New Family of CMOS Cascode-Free Amplifiers with High Energy-Efficiency and Improved Gain

Abstract

This chapter presents the background and the state of the art in the broad field of single-stage amplifiers, providing the context of the work developed. The performance metrics considered in this work are defined and detailed, namely, low-frequency gain, gain-bandwidth product, energy-efficient figure of merit, input-referred noise, and offset voltage. Moreover, notions on stability and frequency compensation are given. Operational amplifiers and operational transconductance amplifier topologies are explored, and dynamic amplification is addressed. The background and initial considerations are presented in Sect. 2.1; an overview on amplifiers, namely, single-stage architectures, is presented in Sect. 2.2; the important performance metrics considered throughout this work are described in Sect. 2.3; the operational transconductance amplifier is described in Sect. 2.4; and in the following sections, the most relevant architectures of single-stage amplifiers are described: Sect. 2.5 addresses elementary cascode amplifiers; Sect. 2.6 presents the recycling folded-cascode amplifier ; and finally, dynamic amplifiers and the corresponding theory are addressed in Sect. 2.7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ricardo Filipe Sereno Póvoa & Nuno Cavaco Gomes Horta

  2. UNINOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    João Carlos da Palma Goes

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  1. Ricardo Filipe Sereno Póvoa
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  2. João Carlos da Palma Goes
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  3. Nuno Cavaco Gomes Horta
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Póvoa, R.F.S., Goes, J.C.d.P., Horta, N.C.G. (2019). Background and State of the Art. In: A New Family of CMOS Cascode-Free Amplifiers with High Energy-Efficiency and Improved Gain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95207-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95207-9_2

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