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Emerging Causes of Encephalitis: Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Beyond

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Abstract

Zoonotic viruses account for 75% of emerging infectious diseases in the world [1]. Many of these zoonotic viruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that can be transmitted by mosquitoes, flies, and ticks [2]. Arboviral infections can produce disease in the central nervous system (CNS) with acute clinical manifestations, such as headache and nuchal rigidity suggestive of meningitis, seizures, mental confusion or coma in cases of encephalitis, and motor dysfunctions in limbs and sphincter dysfunction, related to myelitis. Arbovirus infections can also produce later manifestations in the CNS including Guillain-Barré syndrome and Parkinsonism. The Flaviviridae of Flavivirus genera Zika (ZIKV), the four types of dengue (DENV-1–4), and the Togaviridae of Alphavirus genera chikungunya (CHIKV) are all arboviruses that cause epidemics of acute febrile illnesses in tropical world and, eventually, are reported producing diseases of the CNS [3].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Virology, Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Mario Luis Garcia de Figueiredo

  2. Virus Research Unit, School of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo

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  1. Mario Luis Garcia de Figueiredo
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  2. Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
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Correspondence to Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UT Health-McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA

    Rodrigo Hasbun

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de Figueiredo, M.L.G., Figueiredo, L.T.M. (2018). Emerging Causes of Encephalitis: Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Beyond. In: Hasbun, R. (eds) Meningitis and Encephalitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92678-0_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92678-0_15

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