Abstract
Salinity and drought are the two most brutal environmental stresses that greatly affect plant growth and productivity. The worldwide increase in human population has made such stress assume a more disastrous form. In order to provide sufficient food and mitigate global hunger, a more sustainable and sufficient means of crop production is of urgent necessity. In the last decade, scientists have carried out extensive research to develop salt- and drought-tolerant crops through conventional breeding, but the outcome of these programs was not found to be convincing, as indicated by the limited number of salt- and drought-tolerant genotypes released so far. This is because hybridization is time-consuming and labor intensive. Whole genome sequencing, proteomic and metabolomic analysis of different crop plants under salt and drought stress has led scientists to identify different groups of genes involved in stress tolerance. Genetic engineering approach provides a comprehensive and more promising or practical tool to clone single gene or gene clusters and precisely characterize their function by introgression into other crop species, as compared to traditional crossing technique. The present chapter highlights the recent developments in transgenic research through incorporation and overexpression of single or multiple genes, either in homologous or heterologous background, thereby enhancing tolerance to salt and drought stress.
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Acknowledgment
The financial support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, through the project [38(1387)/14/EMR-II] to Dr. Aryadeep Roychoudhury is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India, for providing Senior Research Fellowship to Saikat Paul.
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Paul, S., Roychoudhury, A. (2018). Transgenic Plants for Improved Salinity and Drought Tolerance. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Biotechnologies of Crop Improvement, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90650-8_7
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