Abstract
“Diplomacy” has been subject to a constant process of change since negotiations, and mediations have been documented starting about 2500 BC. As a system of state relationships with permanent representations, diplomatic laws, and generally binding modes of behavior, diplomacy is a phenomenon of Early Modern Europe. However, the “transformation of the world” in the nineteenth century eventually ended the dominance of the existing Europe-centered diplomatic system. While the bipolar world after 1945 initially seemed to be a golden era for traditional diplomacy, this notion seems doubtful today. But as long as there is nothing like a world government and as long as post-national ideas—which some observers have long been heralding—are only visible in a few selected European countries, even a global world will not reject diplomacy as a sober mediating instance.
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Notes
- 1.
Wolfgang Reinhard, Geschichte der Staatsgewalt. Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart, Munich: C.H. Beck, 2000, p. 370
- 2.
Heinz Duchhardt/Franz Knipping, Handbuch der Geschichte der Internationalen Beziehungen, Volume 2, Paderborn: Schöningh, 2007, p. 120
- 3.
Herfried Münkler, Im Namen des Staates. Die Begründung der Staatsraison in der Frühen Neuzeit. Frankfurt/Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1987, p. 167
- 4.
Jürgen Osterhammel/Niels P. Petersson, Globalization: A Short History, Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005, p. 26. (German original: Idem, Geschichte der Globalisierung. Dimensionen, Prozesse, Epochen, Munich: C.H. Beck, 2003)
- 5.
Heinz Duchhardt/Franz Knipping, Handbuch der Geschichte der Internationalen Beziehungen, op. cit., p. 135
- 6.
Wolfgang Reinhard, Geschichte der Staatsgewalt. Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart, op. cit., p. 371
- 7.
Jürgen Osterhammel, The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014 (German original: Idem, Die Verwandlung der Welt. Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts, Munich: C.H. Beck, 2009.)
- 8.
Heinz Duchhardt/Franz Knipping, Handbuch der Geschichte der Internationalen Beziehungen, Volume 6, Paderborn: Schöningh, 1999, p. 157
- 9.
Peter Krüger, Der Erste Weltkrieg als Epochenschwelle, in: Hans Maier (ed.). Wege in die Gewalt. Die modernen politischen Religionen, Frankfurt/Main: Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, 2000, p. 85
- 10.
Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points Speech. Address delivered at a Joint Session of the two Houses of Congress, January 8, 1918, in: Woodrow Wilson, War and Peace. Presidential Messages, Addresses, and Public Papers (1917–1924), Vol. I, New York/London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1927, p. 159
- 11.
Gordon A. Craig, War, Politics, and Diplomacy: Selected Essays, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966, p. 229
- 12.
Jürgen Osterhammel/Niels P. Petersson, Globalization: A Short History, op. cit., p. 113
- 13.
Philip D. Zelikow/Condoleezza Rice, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997
- 14.
Wolfgang Reinhard, Geschichte der Staatsgewalt. Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart, op. cit., p. 377
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Scholtyseck, J., Freiberger, T. (2019). Diplomacy. In: Kühnhardt, L., Mayer, T. (eds) The Bonn Handbook of Globality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90382-8_25
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