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Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2 pp 189–216Cite as

Genomic Roadmaps for Augmenting Salinity Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

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Abstract

Serious antagonistic impacts of saline environment on plant growth, development, and yield are well established. In this regard, researchers and breeders have been utilizing many conventional as well as modern approaches to aid the process of developing salt-tolerant crops. Biotechnological tools have made the task of engineering salinity tolerance in plants easier. Currently, two major annexes are effectively employed to develop salt-tolerant crops, first, investigation of genetic variation via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and second the transgenic technology. Sustenance of plants under dynamically growth-limiting saline environment depends on alterations and/or switching between multiple biochemical pathways involved in response. A number of key regulatory genes have been successfully identified and characterized in this context which can be explored to serve the purpose of alleviation in salt-tolerant nature of plants. Several genomics-abetted approaches have been reported aiming toward improvement in growth and yield of crops under saline environment. Present chapter focuses on genomic roadmaps for augmentation of crop salt tolerance by various methods including MAS, transgenic breeding, manipulations in small non-coding RNAs, and genome editing. These approaches utilize key players involved in salinity-mediated plant defense mechanisms, such as ion transporters, osmolytes, antioxidants, transcription factors, signaling proteins, and microRNA. The chapter attempts to summarize the effective targets and exploration of these key entities to raise salt-tolerant plants through various genomics-related tools.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms

AOX:

Alternate oxidase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AtNHX1:

Na+/H+ antiporter

CaM:

calmodulin

CAT:

Catalase

CBL:

Calcineurin B-like proteins

CDPKs:

Calcium-dependent protein kinases

CML:

CaM-related proteins

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

ILs:

Introgression lines

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

MQTL:

Meta-QTL

mt1D:

Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase

P5CS:

delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms

RNAi:

RNA interference

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SOS:

Salt overly sensitive

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

STMS:

Sequence-tagged microsatellite site

TFs:

Transcription factors

TPSP:

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    P. Suprasanna

  2. Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, India

    S. A. Ghuge

  3. Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER) Field Station, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

    V. Y. Patade

  4. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India

    S. J. Mirajkar

  5. Department of Botany, R.K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, Thane, India

    G. C. Nikalje

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India

    Vinay Kumar

  2. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

  3. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    Penna Suprasanna

  4. Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Lam-Son Phan Tran

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Suprasanna, P., Ghuge, S.A., Patade, V.Y., Mirajkar, S.J., Nikalje, G.C. (2018). Genomic Roadmaps for Augmenting Salinity Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. In: Kumar, V., Wani, S., Suprasanna, P., Tran, LS. (eds) Salinity Responses and Tolerance in Plants, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_8

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