Skip to main content

Systemic-Caused Iatrogenic Behavioral Health Disability and Contradiction Between Diagnostic Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 418 Accesses

Abstract

Many laws, such as the American Disability Act (ADA), the American Disability Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA), and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) were meant to aid those individuals who have impairment in functioning. The ADA and ADAAA were designed to help individuals with impairment in functioning to continue to work. HIPAA was meant to make insurance portable so that if an individual left a job, then she/he would not be without insurance. However, unintentional consequences have arisen from these laws that may negatively impact on the individual’s ability to continue to work.

In addition, the recent changes to the DSM-5 and the legal mandate to use the ICD-10 diagnostic systems have also caused confusion for many treating professionals. Some of these issues that arise with these changes are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Medical Association. (2017). Current Procedural Terminology; https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt-current-procedural-terminology. Accessed June 5, 2017.

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 .Washington. In DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2013). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychology. The American Psychologist, 68, 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2016). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Accessed September 1, 2017. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/

  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), Pubic Law No. 111–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • American with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA). (2008). ADA Amendments Act of 2008. http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/ adaaa.cfm. ADAAA, P.L. 110–325, 2008.

  • Borkosky, B. (2012). Why forensic records are no longer “owned” by the referral source: Psychologists are required to permit patient access and release of forensic records. The Florida Psychologist, 63(8–9), 22–23. Retrieved from http://flapsych.com.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkosky, B. (2013). Patient access to records: The invisible confidentiality right. National Psychologist, 22, 9–10. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/19lsHZC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkosky, B. (2014). HIPAA’s patient access rights: What patients and providers need to know when patients want a copy of their records. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1oMS4eG and http://bit.ly/1lKQ7Bl

  • Borkosky, B., & Pellett, J. M. (2013). Can FMHPs refuse to release records to evaluees because the records are “information compiled in reasonable anticipation of” litigation (as defined by HIPAA)? American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 31, 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkosky, B. G. & Smith, D. (2015). The risks and benefits of disclosing psychotherapy records to the legal system: What psychologists and patients need to know for informed consent. International Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 42-43(19–30). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borkosky, B., Pellett, J. M., & Thomas, M. S. (2013). Are forensic evaluations “healthcare” and are they regulated by HIPAA? Psychological Injury and Law, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-013-9158-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, S. S., Demarkis, G. J., & Rohling, M. L. (2017). APA handbook of forensic neuropsychology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, S. S., & Heilbronner, R. L. (2012). The neuropsychological IME. In S. S. Bush & G. L. Iverson (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of work-related injuries (pp. 280–302). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, S. S., & Martin, T. A. (2008). Confidentiality in neuropsychological practice. In J. A. M. Horton & D. Wedding (Eds.), The neuropsychology handbook (3rd ed., pp. 515–530). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, S. S., & Martin, T. A. (2010a). The ethical and clinical practice of disclose ng raw test data: Addressing the ongoing debate. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 13, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324826an1302_6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, S. S., & Martin, T. A. (2010b). Privacy, confidentiality, and privilege in for ensic neuropsychology. In A. M. Horton Jr. & L. C. Hartlage (Eds.), The hand book of forensic neuropsychology (2nd ed., pp. 235–244). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caine, E. D. (2003). Determining causation in psychiatry. In K. A. Phillips, M. B. First, & H. A. Pincus (Eds.), Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/. Accessed July 1, 2017.

  • Connell, M. A., & Koocher, G. P. (2003). HIPAA and forensic practice. AP-LS News, 23, 16–19. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1fG57R1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services, Federal Register 45 CFR 160; 45 CFR 164, 2013. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-01-25/pdf/2013-01073.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2017.

  • Garner, B. A., & Black, H. C. (2009). Black’s law dictionary. 9th ed. St. Paul, MN: West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). (2008). Pub. L. 110–233, 122 Stat. 881).

    Google Scholar 

  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Public Law No. 104–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilburn, K. (2001). Principles of forensic mental health assessment. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilburn, K., Grisso, T., & Goldstein, A. M. (2009). Foundations of forensic mental health assessment. New York: Oxford University Press. 180 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilburn, K., Marczyk, G., & DeMatteo, D. (2002). Forensic mental health assessment: A casebook. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilburn, K., Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Mack-Allen, J. (2007). A principles-based approach to forensic mental health assessment: Utility and update. In A. M. Goldstein (Ed.), Forensic psychology: Emerging topics and expanding roles (pp. 45–72). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilburn, K., Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., Zillmer, E., Harris, J., & Jennings, T. (2003). Principles of forensic mental health assessment: Implications for neuropsychological assessment in forensic contexts. Assessment, 10, 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang v. Kansas State Uni., 753 F.3d 1159 (10 th Cir. 2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koocher, G. P., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2016). Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions (4th ed.). Oxford: NY. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koocher, G. P., Norcross, J. C., & Greene, B. A. (2013). Psychologist’ desk reference (3rd ed.). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koocher, G. P., Norcross, J. C., & Hill, S. S. (2005). Psychologists’ desk reference (2nd ed.). Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pope, K.S. & Vasquez, M.J.T. (2016). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling, 5th ed. Wiley & Sons, NJ: Hoboken.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services., 45 C.F.R. 160.103

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, P. A. (2013a). Those who hesitate are lost: The case for setting behavioral health treatment and disability standards, part I. Psychological Injury and Law, 6(3), 183–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, P. A. (2013b). Those who hesitate are lost: The case for setting behavioral health treatment and disability standards, part I. Psychological Injury and Law, 6(3), 196–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. C. (2008). AAPL guideline for forensic evaluation of psychiatric disabilities: A disability law perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 36(4), 558–562.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I., & Hess, A. (Eds.). (2005). The handbook of forensic psychology (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, G., Kane, A. W., & Nicholson, K. (2007). Causality of psychological injury: Presenting evidence in court. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Warren, P.A. (2018). Systemic-Caused Iatrogenic Behavioral Health Disability and Contradiction Between Diagnostic Systems. In: Warren, P. (eds) Handbook of Behavioral Health Disability Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89860-5_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics