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Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes pp 3–27Cite as

Diabetes Mellitus

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Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

Abstract

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus (DM) is viewed as a condition of progressive loss of beta cell mass or function caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In all types of DM, hyperglycemia is associated with the development of the same complications, although their progression may vary. Over recent decades, it has been recognized that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, historically considered an alimentary organ, plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. It contributes to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis by controlling the rate of glucose being delivered to the circulation and by secreting multiple hormones from the enteroendocrine cells (EEC) and neurons in the GI tract. GI peptides are involved in the control of gut secretion, nutrient absorption, GI motility and growth, and signaling pathways within the gut–brain axis. The function of the GI system is under control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), composed of three interdependent parts: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous system (ENS). In addition, current understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota, obesity, and type 2 DM has improved our knowledge about metabolic homeostasis. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential treatment target in obesity and type 2 DM.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diabetology, Department of Neurology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, UH Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia

    Lea Smirčić Duvnjak & Sandra Vučković Rebrina

  2. University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Lea Smirčić Duvnjak & Sandra Vučković Rebrina

Authors
  1. Lea Smirčić Duvnjak
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  2. Sandra Vučković Rebrina
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Correspondence to Lea Smirčić Duvnjak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Marko Duvnjak

  2. Merkur University Hospital, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

    Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak

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Duvnjak, L.S., Rebrina, S.V. (2018). Diabetes Mellitus. In: Duvnjak, M., Smirčić-Duvnjak, L. (eds) Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes . Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75856-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75856-5_1

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75855-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75856-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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