Abstract
Among the many alien crustacean species so far recorded in the Mediterranean basin are numerous decapods —crayfish , crabs and prawns —that have in common the reputation of being both aggressive and adaptable to various environments. Their entrance to the Mediterranean basin has often been fostered by human actions, such as the transfer of new species for commercial purposes or accidentally, as bycatch or because they were present in discarded ships’ ballast water . Marine alien species enter the Mediterranean basin from two main directions: from the Atlantic and beyond, and from the Indian Ocean via the Suez Canal . For freshwaters, the extensive European canal network is an important aid to migration, but human discards are also significant. Protection of native fauna and ecosystems is at best partial. Freshwater ecosystems particularly at risk include lagoons, river estuaries, ponds and marshes , while comparable marine systems are shallow muddy coastal regions, rocky reefs, estuaries/bays and salt marshes . Local communities, principally anglers and people working with aquatic resources, usually are curious at the appearance of a new species and the possibility of establishing a new business is often the first thought. However, freshwater decapod alien species cause major damage to agriculture production, infrastructures, riverbanks, irrigation systems and fish production, leading to consistent economic losses. In particular, they are known to be injurious to plant production, causing increasing losses to agriculture, consuming young seedlings and seeds and causing substantial water losses from field areas. Less information is available for seawater species to date, but their increasing number and growing size of populations requires the attention of the scientific community to evaluate and predict their influence on the marine environment and/or on local fish and bivalve production. Both freshwater and marine alien decapods thus represent a serious threat to native European species and have a negative impact on species richness and habitats. The economic losses caused by these species require reliable and cost-effective options for managing their abundance and if possible for their eradication .
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Notes
- 1.
Organisms that swim near the bottom of a sea or lake.
- 2.
Characterized by very low salinity, specifically (in later use) in the range 0–0.5%; brackish.
- 3.
Designating or of certain crabs with a short abdomen folded beneath the main body. It represents a suborder of crustaceans.
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Appendix 3.1
Appendix 3.1
List of alien decapod species in the Mediterranean Sea and in European inland waters. In the column “FIRST RECORD IN MED. BASIN”, references older than the 1960 refer to “CIESM Atlas of Exotic Crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea”. est = established, cas = casual, cry = cryptogenic, ques = questionable. FW = freshwater, MAR = marine; OLI = oligohaline. ‘Worst’ refers to species identified as having particularly negative impacts, as listed in Streftaris and Zenetos (2006).
Species | Environment | Authority | Origin | First record in med. Basin | Status | Worst impacts | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actaea savignii | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1834 | Indo-Pacific | 2010 (Ünsal Karhan et al. 2013) | est | Crocetta et al. (2015) | |
Actumnus globulus | MAR | Heller, 1861 | Red Sea | 1978 (Galil et al. 2006) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Alpheus audouini | MAR | Coutiere, 1905 | Indo West Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Alpheus inopinatus | MAR | Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958 | Indian/Red Sea | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Alpheus migrans | MAR | Lewinsohn and Holthuis, 1978 | Red Sea | 1975 (Lewinsohn and Holthuis 1978) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Alpheus rapacida | MAR | de Man, 1908 | Indo West Pacific | 1960 (Lewinsohn and Holthuis 1964) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Ashtoret lunaris | MAR | Forskål, 1775 | Indo West Pacific | 1987 (Galil and Golani 1990) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Astacus astacus | FW | Linnaeus, 1758 | E Europe | − | est | Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Astacus leptodactylus | FW/OLI | Eschscholtz, 1823 | E Europe | − | inv | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Atergatis roseus | MAR | Rüppell, 1830 | Indo-Pacific | 1961 (Lewinsohn and Holthuis 1964) | est | Crocetta et al. (2015), Mytilineou et al. (2016), Zenetos et al. (2010), Zenetos et al. (2015) | |
Atyaephyra desmarestii | FW/OLI | Millet, 1831 | S Europe | − | est | EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Austropotamobius pallipes | FW | Lereboullet, 1858 | C Europe | − | est | Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Austropotamobius torrentium | FW | Schrank, 1803 | Danube Basin | − | cas | EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Calappa hepatica | MAR | Linnaeus, 1758 | Indo-Pacific | 1992 (Balkis and Çeviker 2003) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Calappa pelii | MAR | Herklots, 1851 | E Atlantic | 1991, 1993 (Pastore 1996) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Callinectes danae | MAR | Smith, 1869 | W Atlantic | 1981 (Mizzan 1993) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Callinectes sapidus | MAR | Rathbun, 1896 | W Atlantic | est | + | Streftaris and Zenetos (2006), Eleftheriou et al. (2011), Katsanevakis et al. (2014), Dailianis et al. (2016), Karachle et al. (2016), Thessalou-Legaki et al. (2012), Zenetos et al. (2010), Manfrin et al. (2016) | |
Cancer bellianus | MAR | J.Y. Johnson, 1861 | E Atlantic | 2012 (Mytilineou et al. 2016) | cas | Mytilineou et al. (2016) | |
Carupa tenuipes | MAR | Dana, 1851 | Indo-Pacific | 2002 (Galil 2004) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Charybdis feriata | MAR | Linnaeus, 1758 | Indo-Pacific | 2004 (Abello and Hispano 2006) | est | ||
Charybdis helleri | MAR | A. Milne-Edwards, 1861 | Indo West Pacific | est | + | ||
Charybdis japonica | MAR | A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 | Indo-Pacific | 2006 (Froglia 2012) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Charybdis longicollis | MAR | Leene, 1938 | Indian/Red Sea | 1961 (Holthuis 1961) | est | + | |
Charybdis lucifera | MAR | Fabricius, 1798 | Indo-Pacific | 2006 (Mizzan and Vianello 2009) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Cherax destructor | FW | Clark, 1936 | E Australia | − | est | Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Cherax quadricarinatus | FW | von Martens, 1868 | Australia | − | cas | ||
Cherax tenuimanus | FW | Smith, 1912 | W Australia | − | cas | Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Coleusia signata | MAR | Paulson, 1875 | Indo West Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Cryptosoma cristatum | MAR | Brulle, 1837 | Tropical E Atlantic | 1987 (Garcia-Raso 1993) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Daira perlata | MAR | Herbst, 1790 | Indo West Pacific | 1988 (Enzenross and Enzenross 1995) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Dorippe quadridens | MAR | Fabricius, 1793 | Indo West Pacific | 2004 (Galil 2005) | est | ||
Dyspanopeus sayi | MAR | Smith, 1869 | N E Atlantic | 1992 (Froglia and Speranza 1993) | est | + | Streftaris and Zenetos (2006), Katsanevakis et al. (2014), Thessalou-Legaki et al. (2012), Zenetos et al. (2010) |
Elamena mathoei | MAR | Desmarest, 1823 | Indo West Pacific | 2011 (Zaouali et al. 2013b) | cas | ||
Eriocheir sinensis | MAR/OLI | H. Milne Edwards, 1853 | Pacific | 1959 (Petit 1960) | inv | + | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Streftaris and Zenetos (2006), Zenetos et al. (2010) |
Eucrate crenata | MAR | de Haan, 1835 | Indo-Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Eurycarcinus integrifrons | MAR | de Man, 1879 | Indian/Red Sea | 2009 (Özcan et al. 2010) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Farfantepenaeus aztecus | MAR | Ives, 1891 | W Atlantic | 2009 (Deval et al. 2010) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis | MAR | de Man, 1888 | Indo West Pacific | 2006 (Özcan et al. 2006) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Glabropilumnus laevis | MAR | Dana, 1852 | Indian | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Gonioinfradens paucidentata | MAR | A. Milne-Edwards, 1861 | Indo-Pacific | 2010 (Corsini-Foka et al. 2010) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Grapsus granulosus | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1853 | Red Sea | 2006 (Zaouali et al. 2007) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Halimede tyche | MAR | Herbst, 1801 | Indo West Pacific | 1998 (Galil 2000) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Hemigrapsus sanguineus | MAR | de Haan, 1835 | Pacific | 2001 (Breton et al. 2002) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Herbstia nitida | MAR | Manning and Holthuis, 1981 | Tropical E Atlantic | 2002 (Pastore and Denitto 2002) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Hyastenus hilgendorfi | MAR | de Man, 1887 | Indo West Pacific | 1960 (Lewinsohn and Holthuis 1964) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Ixa monodi | MAR | Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1956 | Red Sea | est | |||
Leptochela aculeocaudata | MAR | Paulson, 1875 | Indo West Pacific | 1933 (http://www.ciesm.org/atlas/Leptochelaaculeocaudata.php) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Leptochela pugnax | MAR | de Man, 1916 | Indo West Pacific | 1947 (Holthuis and Gottlieb 1958) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Libinia dubia | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1834 | W Atlantic | 1996 (Enzenross et al. 1997) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Lucifer hanseni | MAR | Nobili, 1905 | Indo West Pacific | ques | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Lysmata kempi | MAR | Chace, 1997 | Indo-Pacific | 2010 (Froglia and Deval 2013) | cas | ||
Macrobrachium nipponense | FW | de Haan, 1849 | Asia | − | cas | EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Macrophthalmus graeffei | MAR | A. Milne Ewdards, 1873 | Indo West Pacific | 1994 (Enzenross and Enzenross 1995) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Marsupenaeus japonicus | MAR | Bate, 1888 | Indo-Pacific | est | + | ||
Matuta victor | MAR | Fabricius, 1781 | Indo-Pacific | 2012 (Galil and Mendelson 2013) | est | ||
Menaethius monoceros | MAR | Latreille, 1825 | Indo-Pacific | 1978 (Falciai 2003) | cas | + | |
Metapenaeopsis aegyptia | MAR | Galil and Golani, 1990 | Indo-Pacific | 1987 (Galil and Golani 1990) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Metapenaeopsis mogiensis consobrina | MAR | Nobili, 1904 | Indo West Pacific | 1996 (Galil 1997) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Metapenaeus affinis | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1837 | Indo West Pacific | 2008 (Aydin et al. 2009) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Metapenaeus monoceros | MAR | Fabricius, 1798 | Indo West Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Metapenaeus stebbingi | MAR | Nobili, 1904 | Indian | est | + | ||
Micippa thalia | MAR | Herbst, 1803 | Indo West Pacific | 1994 (Enzenross and Enzenross 1995) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Myra subgranulata | MAR | Kossmann, 1877 | Indian/Red Sea | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Necora puber | MAR | Linnaeus, 1767 | NW Atlantic | 1968 (Zibrowius 1992) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Notopus dorsipes | MAR | Linnaeus, 1758 | Indo West Pacific | 1962 (Lewinsohn and Holthuis 1964) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Ocypode cursor | MAR | Linnaeus, 1758 | E Atlantic | − | est | Mytilineou et al. (2016) | |
Ogyrides mjoebergi | MAR | Balss, 1921 | Indo West Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Orconectes immunis | FW | Hagen, 1870 | N America | − | cas | Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Orconectes limosus | FW | Rafinisque, 1817 | N America | − | inv | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Orconectes rusticus | FW | Hagen, 1870 | N America | − | inv | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Orconectes virilis | FW | Hagen, 1870 | N America | − | inv | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Pacifastacus leniusculus | FW | Dana, 1852 | N America | − | inv | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Palaemon macrodactylus | MAR | Rathbun, 1902 | NW Pacific | 2005 (Torres et al. 2012) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2012a) | |
Palaemonella rotumana | MAR | Borradaile, 1898 | Indo West Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Palinurus ornatus | MAR | Fabricius, 1798 | Indo West Pacific | 1988 (Galil et al. 1989) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Paralithodes camtschaticus | MAR | Tilesius, 1815 | NE Pacific | 2008 (Faccia et al. 2009) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Penaeus aztecus | MAR | Ives, 1891 | W Atlantic | 2009 (Deval et al. 2010) | est | Crocetta et al. (2015), Mytilineou et al. (2016), Zenetos et al. (2015) | |
Penaeus hathor | MAR | Burkenroad, 1959 | Indian | 1997 (Galil 1999) | est | Zenetos et al. (2015) | |
Penaeus semisulcatus | MAR | de Haan, 1844 | Indo West Pacific | est | + | ||
Percnon gibbesi | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1853 | W Atlantic | 1999 (Relini et al. 2000) | est | + | Streftaris and Zenetos (2006), Thessalou-Legaki et al. (2012), Nicolaidou et al. (2012) Zenetos et al. (2010) |
Periclimenes calmani | MAR | Tattersall, 1921 | Indo-Pacific | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Pilumnopeus vauquelini | MAR | Audouin, 1826 | Indian/Red Sea | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Pilumnus minutus | MAR | de Haan, 1835 | Indo-Pacific | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Plagusia squamosa | MAR | Herbst, 1790 | Indo West Pacific | 1968 (Shiber 1981) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Portunus segnis | MAR | Forskål, 1775 | Indian | est | + | Streftaris and Zenetos (2006), Zenetos et al. (2010), Crocetta et al. (2015) | |
Potamon ibericum | FW | Bieberstein, 1808 | SE Europe – CW Asia | − | cas | EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Procambarus acutus | FW | Girard, 1852 | N America | − | cas | EASIN (16/1/2017) | |
Procambarus clarkii | FW/OLI | Girard, 1852 | N America | − | inv | + | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), EASIN (16/1/2017) |
Procambarus fallax f. virginalis | FW | Hagen, 1870 | − | est | Holdich and Pöckl (2007), Souty-Grosset et al. (2006), Chucholl et al. (2012), EASIN (16/1/2017) | ||
Processa macrodactyla | MAR | Holthuis, 1952 | Tropical E Atlantic | 1985 (Garcia-Raso and Salas Casanova 1985) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Rhithropanopeus harrisii | MAR | Gould, 1841 | N Atlantic | 1994 (Mizzan and Zanella 1996) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Rimapenaeus similis | MAR | Smith, 1885 | W Atlantic | 2006 (Abdallah et al. 2010) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Scyllarus caparti | MAR | Holthuis, 1952 | Tropical E Atlantic | 1977 (Froglia 1979 ) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Scyllarus posteli | MAR | Forest, 1963 | Temperate-tropical E Atlantic | 1982 (García Raso 1982) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Sirpus monodi | MAR | Gordon, 1953 | Tropical E Atlantic | 2002 (Pancucci-Papadopoulou and Naletaki 2007) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Solenocera crassicornis | MAR | H. Milne Edwards, 1837 | Indo West Pacific | 1981 (Abdel-Razek et al. 1981) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Sphaerozius nitidus | MAR | Stimpson, 1858 | Indo West Pacific | 1976 (Ramadan and Dowidar 1976) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Sternodromia spinirostris | MAR | Miers, 1881 | Tropical E Atlantic | 1969 (Pastore 1976) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Synalpheus tumidomanus africanus | MAR | Crosnier and Forest, 1966 | Tropical E Atlantic | − | cry | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Thalamita gloriensis | MAR | Crosnier, 1962 | Indo West Pacific | 1977 (Relini Orsi and Mori 1979) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Thalamita indistincta | MAR | Apel and Spiridonov, 1998 | Indian | 2002 (Hasan and Noël 2008) | cas | Zenetos et al. (2010) | |
Thalamita poissonii | MAR | Audouin, 1826 | Indo West Pacific | cry | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Trachysalambria palaestinensis | MAR | Steinitz, 1932 | Red Sea | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) | ||
Urocaridella pulchella | MAR | Yokes and Galil, 2006 | Indo-Pacific | 2003 (Yokes and Galil 2006a) | est | Zenetos et al. (2010) |
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Manfrin, C., Souty-Grosset, C., Anastácio, P., Reynolds, J., Giulianini, P.G. (2018). The Apparently Relentless Spread of the Major Decapod Alien Species in the Mediterranean Basin and European Inland Waters. In: Queiroz, A., Pooley, S. (eds) Histories of Bioinvasions in the Mediterranean. Environmental History, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74986-0_3
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