Skip to main content
  • 355 Accesses

Abstract

Overwhelmed by waves of war refugees and economic migrants in search of a better life, Europe doesn’t know what to do with these masses. The ‘great immigration debacle’ could have been avoided, had European leaders paid attention to the deteriorating situation in underfunded refugee camps near war zones. Merkel’s open-door policy amounted to a monumental gamble: will it be possible to swiftly reformat and absorb masses from alien cultures? Will the free movement of citizens within Europe survive the growing intra-European tensions generated by mass migration? There is no panacea for integration, especially in a continent with tens of millions of unemployed. In the meantime, caring for these masses requires tens of billions of euros per year, at a time when governments are asking citizens to tighten their belts.

The challenge of unwanted mass immigration and its consequences on a naïve and unprepared Europe

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    ‘Migrant crisis: Influx will change Germany, says Merkel’. BBC News. 7 September 2015.

  2. 2.

    Hélène Kohl. ‘Compte à rebours pour Merkel’. Le Journal du Dimanche. Page 13. 18 September 2016.

  3. 3.

    Nicolas Barotte. ‘L’Allemagne, nouvel eldorado de l’immigration’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 26 May 2014.

  4. 4.

    Robert Kunzig. ‘With the worst history of xenophobia, Germany has taken in the most refugees of any European country. The stakes of the experiment are high.’ Nationalgeographic.com . 2016.

  5. 5.

    ‘Risk analysis for 2017’. Frontex. 15 February 2017.

  6. 6.

    Andrea Shalal, Helen Popper. ‘Thousands of ex-Taliban fighters may have entered Germany: report’. Reuters.com . 22 April 2017.

  7. 7.

    ‘L’EI détient plus de 11.000 passeports syriens vierges’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 10 September 2017.

  8. 8.

    ‘La ‘Jungle’ de Calais passe le cap des 10.000 migrants, selon deux associations’. Lepoint.fr – Le Point. 19 September 2016.

  9. 9.

    E.M. ‘Migrants: à Calais, les tensions demeurent’. Le Figaro. Page 9. 24 October 2017.

  10. 10.

    Robert Kunzig. ‘With the worst history of xenophobia, Germany has taken in the most refugees of any European country. The stakes of the experiment are high.’ Nationalgeographic.com . 2016.

  11. 11.

    Jim Yardley, Alison Smale, Jane Perlez, Ben Hubbard. ‘‘Brexit’ provokes a caustic postwar unravelling’. International New York Times. Page 1–4. 27 June 2016.

  12. 12.

    ‘Syria’s refugee crisis in numbers’. Based on sources from UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), International Organization of Migration (IOM). Amnesty International. 20 December 2016.

  13. 13.

    ‘Funding shortage leaves Syrian refugees in danger of missing vital support’. Leo Dobbs, Jonathan Clayton. UNHCR News. 25 June 2015.

  14. 14.

    ‘Germany welcomed more than 1 million refugees in 2015. Now, the country is searching for its soul.’ Rick Noack. The Washington Post. 4 May 2016.

  15. 15.

    ‘The labour market will need more immigration from non-EU countries in the future’. BertelsmannStiftung. 27 March 2015.

  16. 16.

    Robert Kunzig. ‘With the worst history of xenophobia, Germany has taken in the most refugees of any European country. The stakes of the experiment are high.’ Nationalgeographic.com . 2016.

  17. 17.

    Joseph Nasr. ‘Germany needs migrants as workforce dwindles, but must pay for them’. Reuters. 10 December 2015.

  18. 18.

    Francesco M. Bongiovanni, The Decline and Fall of Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).

  19. 19.

    ‘The demographic future of the country’. Istat.it . 26 April 2017.

  20. 20.

    ‘Why Europe needs more migrants’. The Economist. 12 July 2017.

  21. 21.

    Pankaj Mishra. ‘Europe’s Migrant Crisis Isn’t Over’. Bloomberg.com . 5 September 2017.

  22. 22.

    Bill Wirtz. ‘Forget Frexit, the EU’s next threat comes from the East’. Newsweek.com – Newsweek. 5 February 2017.

  23. 23.

    Leonid Bershidsky. ‘How Western Capital Colonized Eastern Europe’. Bloomberg. 12 September 2017.

  24. 24.

    Bill Wirtz. ‘Forget Frexit, the EU’s next threat comes from the East’. Newsweek.com – Newsweek. 5 February 2017.

  25. 25.

    ‘Gian Maria De Francesco. ‘L’ondata dei migranti cresce Ma non ha diritto di rimanere’. Il Giornale. Page 13. 4 February 2017.

  26. 26.

    ‘Unemployment statistics’. Eurostat – Statistics Explained. 31 January 2017.

  27. 27.

    ‘Allemagne: immigration record de pays de l’UE’. Lefigaro.fr  – Le Figaro. 2 July 2016.

  28. 28.

    Frédéric Joignot. ‘Le fantasme du ‘grand remplacement’ démographique’. Lemonde.fr. 12 August 2014.

  29. 29.

    ‘Replacement Migration: Is It a Solution to Declining and Ageing Populations?’. Un.org . Department of Economic and Social Affairs – Population Division.

  30. 30.

    ‘Italie/migrants: 50.000 arrivées depuis janvier’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 22 May 2015.

  31. 31.

    ‘Migrant crisis: Italy threatens to shut ports’. Bbc.com . 28 June 2017.

  32. 32.

    ‘Il future demografico del paese. Previsioni regionali della popolazione residente al 2065’. Istat.it. 26 April 2017.

  33. 33.

    Michèle Tribalat. ‘Les Yeux Grands Fermés’. Editions Denoel. March 2010.

  34. 34.

    Dominic Sandbrook. ‘Is Europe committing suicide? Controversial book claims elites in UK and the Continent are encouraging mass immigration because they’ve lost faith in historic Christian values’. The Daily Mail. 20 May 2017.

  35. 35.

    Michael Rosen. ‘‘The Strange Death Of Europe’ Says Europe’s Decline Is A Choice’. Thefederalist.com . 29 September 2017.

  36. 36.

    Robert Kunzig. ‘With the worst history of xenophobia, Germany has taken in the most refugees of any European country. The stakes of the experiment are high.’ Nationalgeographic.com . 2016.

  37. 37.

    Naweed Jamali. ‘Why the US doesn’t have a Muslim problem, and Europe does’. Foreign Policy Research Institute. 3 Avril 2016.

  38. 38.

    Adelle M. Banks. ‘US Muslims believe in American dream despite discrimination’. USA Today. 26 July 2017.

  39. 39.

    Philippe d’Iribarne. ‘Les musulmans sont-ils discriminés’. Le Figaro. Page 22. 27 November 2017.

  40. 40.

    Richard C. Longworth. ‘Commentary: The decades-long smoldering of England’s Muslims’. Chicago Tribune. 5 June 2017.

  41. 41.

    ‘The New Germans’. Aljazeera.com . 24 May 2017.

  42. 42.

    ‘Marseille: l’inquiétant profil du jeune agresseur de l’enseignant juif’. BFM TV. 12 January 2016.

  43. 43.

    ‘Startup-Kultur’. The Economist. Page 21. 4 February 2017.

  44. 44.

    Francesco M. Bongiovanni. ‘The Decline and Fall of Europe’. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012.

  45. 45.

    ‘The new neighbours – Turkey is taking care of refugees, but failing to integrate them’. The Economist. 29 June 2017.

  46. 46.

    George Jahn. ‘High Turkish support for Erdogan in EU worries Europeans’. The Seattle Times. 4 May 2017.

  47. 47.

    Katrin Elger. ‘Survey Shows Alarming Lack of Integration in Germany’. Spiegel.de – Spiegel Online. 26 January 2009.

  48. 48.

    Katrin Elger. ‘Survey Shows Alarming Lack of Integration in Germany’. Spiegel.de – Spiegel Online. 26 January 2009.

  49. 49.

    Eric Zemmour-Emmanuel Todd: globalisation ou retour des nations?’. Le Figaro. Page 18. 12 September 2017.

  50. 50.

    Diana Fong. ‘Low Rate of German-Turkish Marriages Impedes Integration’. Dw.com – Deutsche Welle. 24 February 2008.

  51. 51.

    ‘Young Turks Increasingly Favor Integration and Religion’. Spiegel.de – Spiegel Online. 17 August 2012.

  52. 52.

    Alex Gorlach. ‘To Integrate the New Refugees, Germany Must Avoid Its Mistakes With Turkish Migrants’. Huffingtonpost.com – The Huffington Post (TheWorldPost). 2016.

  53. 53.

    Jeanette Seiffert. ‘Erdogan visit polarizes Germany’s Turks’. Dw.com – Deutsche Welle. 20 May 2014.

  54. 54.

    Cédric Ferreira. ‘Des dizaines de milliers de Turcs d’Allemagne manifestent leur soutien à Erdogan’. France24.com . 1 July 2016.

  55. 55.

    ‘Alerte à bombe dans une mairie allemande’. Lefigaro.fr  – Le Figaro. 3 March 2017.

  56. 56.

    ‘Erdogan vows Turkey will ‘review relations with EU’’. Bbc.com . 21 March 2017.

  57. 57.

    Nathalie Versieux. ‘Pour les jeunes des 2e et 3e générations, l’Islam et la nation turque sont devenus des repères identitaires’. Le Temps online. 19 April 2017.

  58. 58.

    Susan Fraser, Christopher Torchia. ‘In Europe spat, Turkish president warns Westerners on safety’. ABC News, Associated Press. 22 March 2017.

  59. 59.

    ‘L’Allemagne veut des mosquées indépendantes de la Turquie’. Lefigaro.fr  – Le Figaro. 14 March 2017.

  60. 60.

    Nicolas Barotte. ‘Soupçons d’espionnage en Allemagne’. Le Figaro. Page 9. 7 April 2017.

  61. 61.

    ‘Turkey’s Influence Network In Europe Is Leading To Tension’. Huffingtonpost.com . 5 June 2017.

  62. 62.

    ‘Le président bulgare accuse la Turquie d’‘ingérence’ dans les prochaines élections’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 17 March 2017.

  63. 63.

    Stephen Evans. ‘Merkel says German multicultural society has failed’. BBC NEWS. 17 October 2010.

  64. 64.

    ‘Where I’m From, This is Handled By Men’. Spiegelonline – Der Spiegel. 2 January 2016.

  65. 65.

    See note 22 in Chap. 2.

  66. 66.

    Nicolas Barotte. ‘Migrants: cette affaire Maria qui bouleverse l’Allemagne’. Le Figaro. Page 10. 8 December 2016.

  67. 67.

    ‘Refugee on trial for rape, murder of German student’. AFP. 5 September 2017.

  68. 68.

    Emma-Kate Symons. ‘Cologne attacks: ‘This is sexual terrorism directed towards women’’. Nytlive.nytimes.com – New York Times. 19 January 2016.

  69. 69.

    Sue Reid. ‘Why Germany can’t face the truth about migrant sex attacks: SUE REID finds a nation in denial as a wave of horrific attacks is reported across Europe’. Mail online (The Daily Mail). 9 January 2016.

  70. 70.

    Julian Robinson. ‘Angela Merkel under more pressure over refugee policy as it is revealed migrants committed 142,500 crimes in Germany during the first six months of 2016’. Mail online (The Daily Mail). 1 November 2016.

  71. 71.

    Frank Jordans. ‘German police union chief slams NYE “safe zone” for women’. Associated Press. 30 December 2017.

  72. 72.

    Lizzie Dearden. ‘Refugees responsible for tiny proportion of sex crimes in Germany despite far-right claims following Cologne attacks’. Independent.co.uk. 19 February 2016.

  73. 73.

    Frank Jordans. “German police union chief slams NYE ‘safe zone’ for women”. Associated Press. 30 December 2017.

  74. 74.

    Sam Tonkin. ‘Exclusive: German government admits it cannot account for 600,000 of its 1.1million asylum seekers—and many could be using multiple identities to travel across Europe’. Mailonline (The Daily Mail). 22 January 2016.

  75. 75.

    ‘Allemagne: sauvés des mains de passeurs, des migrants disparaissent’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 18 September 2017.

  76. 76.

    Dan Bilefsky and Christina Anderson. ‘Swedish Police Investigate Over 40 Reports of Rape and Groping at 2 Music Festivals’. New York Times. 5 July 2016.

  77. 77.

    Adrian Edwards. ‘Global forced displacement hits record high’. UNHCR. 20 June 2016.

  78. 78.

    James Dunn. ‘Only 10% of migrants have reached Europe so far, claims German development minister as he warns up to ten million people are ‘still on the way’’. Mail Online – The Daily Mail. 11 January 2016.

  79. 79.

    Paul Carrell, Noah Barkin. ‘Forty% of Germans say Merkel should resign over refugee policy: poll’. Reuters. 29 January 2015.

  80. 80.

    Alastair Macdonald, Noah Barkin. ‘End of Europe? Berlin, Brussels’ shock tactic on migrants’. Reuters. 18 January 2016.

  81. 81.

    ‘EU court rejects Hungary, Slovakia appeal in refugee case’. Associated Press. 6 September 2017.

  82. 82.

    ‘Germany Says EU States Must Implement Court Ruling on Migrants Swiftly’. Reuters. 6 September 2017.

  83. 83.

    Ruth Bender. ‘Orban Accuses Germany of ‘Moral Imperialism’ on Migrants.’ The Wall Street Journal. 23 September 2015.

  84. 84.

    Peter Laca, Wojciech Moskwa, Zoltan Simo. ‘The ‘Dark Past’ in Merkel’s Backyard’. Bloomberg.com . 26 September 2017.

  85. 85.

    Conrad Hackett. ‘5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe’. PewResearchCentre. 19 July 2016.

  86. 86.

    Doris Akrap. ‘Germany’s response to the refugee crisis is admirable. But I fear it cannot last’. Theguardian.com The Guardian. 6 September 2015.

  87. 87.

    ‘Hearts and minds’. The Economist. Page 22. 16 September 2017.

  88. 88.

    Luke Harding. ‘Refugee crisis: Germany reinstates controls at Austrian border’. The Guardian. 13 September 2015.

  89. 89.

    Arwa Damon, Tim Hume. ‘Denmark adopts controversial law to seize asylum seekers’ valuables’. CNN. 26 January 2016.

  90. 90.

    Nicole Chang. ‘Two graphs that show how many asylum seekers Britain really accepts’. Independent. 13 May 2015.

  91. 91.

    David Crouch. ‘Sweden sends sharp signal with plan to expel up to 80,000 asylum seekers’. The Guardian. 28 January 2016.

  92. 92.

    ‘Migrants: la Hongrie adopte la détention systématique’. Lefigaro.fr. 7 March 2017.

  93. 93.

    Rod Nickel, David Ljunggren. ‘Exclusive: Almost half of Canadians want illegal border crossers deported – Reuters poll’. Reuters.com . 20 March 2017.

  94. 94.

    Erik Kirschbaum, David Stamp. ‘Germany aims to deport record number of rejected asylum seekers in 2017’. Reuters.com . 19 February 2017.

  95. 95.

    ‘Merkel seeks to ramp up failed asylum seeker deportations’. Bbc.com  – BBC News. 9 February 2017.

  96. 96.

    Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson. ‘A German City, Citing Pressure On Services, Gets Green Light To Ban New Refugees’. NPR. 29 November 2017.

  97. 97.

    Noah B. Stroote. ‘The German Election Is a Christian Civil War’. Foreignpolicy.com – Foreign Policy. 11 September 2017.

  98. 98.

    Josh Lowe. ‘Germany’s Angela Merkel ‘to announce migrant crackdown’’. Newsweek.com – Newsweek. 9 February 2017.

  99. 99.

    Judith Vonberg. ‘Merkel rules out limiting number of refugees in Germany’. Cnn.com – CNN. 17 July 2017.

  100. 100.

    Francesco M. Bongiovanni. ‘The Decline and Fall of Europe’. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012.

  101. 101.

    Michael Rosen. ‘“The Strange Death of Europe” Says Europe’s Decline Is A Choice’. Thefederalist.com . 29 September 2017.

  102. 102.

    Jean-Paul Gourévitch. ‘30 000 Migrants supplémentaires en deux ans: ce que va nous couter la décision de Hollande’. Contribuables Associés. 13 Mai 2016.

  103. 103.

    ‘Which European countries offer the most social benefits to migrants?’. Euronews.com based on research by Reuters Compiled by Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Gareth Jones. 16 September 2015.

  104. 104.

    Compiled by Mark Trevelyan, edited by Gareth Jones, ‘Factbox: Benefits offered to asylum seekers in European countries’. Reuters. 16 September 2015.

  105. 105.

    Michelle Martin and Andrew Heavens. ‘German government plans to spend 93.6 billion euros on refugees by end 2020: Spiegel’. Reuters. 14 May 2016.

  106. 106.

    Andreas Becker. ‘‘Can we do this?’ – The costs of the migrant crisis’. DW-Deutsche Welle. August 23 2016.

  107. 107.

    Markus Dettmer, Christian Riermann. ‘Budget Battle Begins over Germany’s New Residents’. Spiegel Online. 29 February 2016.

  108. 108.

    Arnaud Folch. ‘Immigration: ce que coûtent vraiment les clandestins’. Valeurs Actuelles. 30 June 2011.

  109. 109.

    Michelle Martin, Gareth Jones. ‘Number of migrants claiming benefits in Germany surges by 169%’. Reuters. 5 September 2016.

  110. 110.

    David Crouch. ‘Sweden sends sharp signal with plan to expel up to 80,000 asylum seekers’. The Guardian. 28 January 2016.

  111. 111.

    Jean Marc Leclerc. ‘Aide médicale aux étrangers: la facture explose’. Lefigaro.fr. 7 November 2013.

  112. 112.

    Jack Doyle. ‘Our £3.7bn a year bill for illegal migrants’ health and education: Huge cost emerges as ministers admit controversial ‘go home’ vans led to just 11 people leaving the country’. The Daily Mail. November 1, 2013.

  113. 113.

    Vladimiro Polchi. ‘Immigrati, ecco quanto ci costa davvero accoglierli’. Repubblica.it. 29 October 2016.

  114. 114.

    Vladimiro Polchi. ‘Immigrati, ecco quanto ci costa davvero accoglierli’. Repubblica.it. 29 October 2016.

  115. 115.

    Bruno Boelpaep. ‘Is Germany’s migrant crisis over? One city put to the test’. Bbc.com . 8 September 2017.

  116. 116.

    By Matthias Bartsch, Jan Friedmann, Hubert Gude, Horand Knaup, Ralf Neukirch, Conny Neumann, René Pfister, Christian Reiermann, Michael Sauga, Christoph Schult and Wolf Wiedmann-Schmidt. ‘Germany Shows Signs of Strain from Mass of Refugees’. Spiegel Online. 17 October 2015.

  117. 117.

    Charlotte England. ‘Sweden sees record numbers of asylum seekers withdraw applications and leave’. The Independent online. August 2016.

  118. 118.

    Daniel Dickson, Johan Ahlander ‘Soaring asylum numbers force Sweden to cut costs, borrow more’. Reuters. 22 October 2015.

  119. 119.

    ‘Nearly 163,000 people sought asylum in Sweden in 2015’. Migrationsverket. 12 January 2016.

  120. 120.

    ‘‘Chez nous, c’est chez vous’: Barcelone dans la rue pour accueillir les réfugiés’. Lefigaro.fr  – Le Figaro. 19 February 2017.

  121. 121.

    ‘Gian Maria De Francesco. ‘L’ondata dei migranti cresce Ma non ha diritto di rimanere’. Il Giornale. Page 13. 4 February 2017.

  122. 122.

    Ludwig Gallet. ‘‘96% des demandeurs d’asile déboutés restent en France’, vraiment?’. L’Express. 21 October 2015.

  123. 123.

    Delphine de Mallevoue. ‘Asile: déboutés outre-Rhin, ils affluent à Paris’. Le Figaro. Page 10. 9 March 2017.

  124. 124.

    Date Brady. ‘Hundreds of migrants resisting deportation from Germany at the last minute’. DW-Deutsche Welle. 19 August 2016.

  125. 125.

    ‘Allarme Pakistan; troppe richieste d’asilo sospette’. Il Giornale. Page 3. 21 December 2016.

  126. 126.

    Laurence Peter. ‘Migrant crisis: Who does the EU send back?’. BBC News. 9 September 2015.

  127. 127.

    ‘Jordanie: l’accueil des réfugiés syriens coûte 10 mds de dollars’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 10 October 2017.

  128. 128.

    Kim Hjelmgaard. ‘Germany’s Merkel admits migrant policy cost votes’. USA TODAY. 19 September 2016.

  129. 129.

    Isabelle Le Page. ‘‘Merkel understood nothing’: AfD’s fury in east Germany’. AFP. 22 October 2017.

  130. 130.

    ‘73% Des Français opposés à assumer fiscalement le cout de l’accueil des migrants’. Contribuables Associés. 9 October 2015.

  131. 131.

    Giuseppe De Lorenzo. ‘Eraclea, profughi protestano per il cibo e lo buttano in strada’. Ilgiornale.it. 27 July 2015.

  132. 132.

    ‘Mafia controlled Italy migrant centre, say Police’. Bbc.com . 15 May 2017.

  133. 133.

    Eszter Zalan. ‘EU finalises €3bn fund for Turkey refugees’. Euobserver.com . 3 February 2016.

  134. 134.

    ‘Europe, la fin?’. Courrier International. Page 20. April-May 2017.

  135. 135.

    ‘EU announces new emergency support for Greek refugee crisis.’ Washingtonpost.com – The Washington Post. 27 July 2017.

  136. 136.

    ‘Chez nous, c’est chez vous’: Barcelone dans la rue pour accueillir les réfugiés’. Lefigaro.fr  – Le Figaro. 2 February 2017.

  137. 137.

    ‘Un rapport pointe les abus subis par les jeunes migrants’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 12 September 2017.

  138. 138.

    Marion Mourgue. ‘Sarkozy refuse que la France soit ‘submergée’’. Le Figaro. Page 4. 22 Septembre 2016.

  139. 139.

    James MacAuley. ‘The Calais ‘Jungle’ is gone, but France’s migrant crisis is far from over’. washingtonpost.com – The Washington Post. 10 June 2017.

  140. 140.

    ‘Migrants: “plus de 100 bidonvilles en Île-de-France” (Pécresse)’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 26 September 2017.

  141. 141.

    ‘France: 70% des migrantes ont été violentées’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 8 March 2017.

  142. 142.

    ‘Germany hate crime: Nearly 10 attacks a day on migrants in 2016’. Bbc.com – BBC News. 26 February 2017.

  143. 143.

    Simon Cullen, Susannah Cullinane. ‘Germany: Thousands of migrants targeted in attacks last year’. Cnn.com – CNN. 27 February 2017.

  144. 144.

    ‘Allemagne: des agents de sécurité incitent des migrants à la prostitution’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 25 October 2017.

  145. 145.

    Stéphane Kovas. ‘En Suéde, l’épineuse gestion des mineurs étrangers’. Le Figaro. Page 15. 7 April 2017.

  146. 146.

    E.M. ‘Migrants: à Calais, les tensions demeurent’. Le Figaro. Page 9. 24 October 2017.

  147. 147.

    ‘Seize blessés après une bagarre entre migrants à Calais’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 1 July 2017.

  148. 148.

    Nina Lamparski. ‘Austria to cap asylum-seeker claims, deepening EU migrant rift’. Yahoo News. January 20, 2016.

  149. 149.

    ‘80% des Français favorables au retour des contrôles aux frontières’. BFM TV. 16 September 2015.

  150. 150.

    ‘Hungary starts building fence on Croatian border’. Dw.com – Deutsche Welle. 18 September` 2016.

  151. 151.

    Lizzie Stromme. ‘Denmark snubs EU as Government vows border controls will REMAIN to halt migrant influx’. Express.co.uk. 27 January 2017.

  152. 152.

    ‘Schengen: le Danemark s’apprête à défier l’UE’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 16 May 2017.

  153. 153.

    ‘Paris et Berlin veulent des règles plus souples pour rétablir des contrôles frontaliers’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 12 September 2017.

  154. 154.

    Richard Vainopoulos. ‘Le prix de la fermeture de l’espace Schengen’. Lesechos.fr. 25 April 2016.

  155. 155.

    Peter Foster, Matthew Holehouse. ‘State of the Union: Europe in the last chance saloon, warns EU president Jean-Claude Juncker’. Telegraph.co.uk  – The Telegraph. 8 September 2015.

  156. 156.

    Alastair Macdonald, Noah Barkin. ‘End of Europe? Berlin, Brussels’ shock tactic on migrants’. Reuters. 18 January 2016.

  157. 157.

    Michelle Martin, Jeremy Gaunt. ‘EU is in danger and can be reversed: European Parliament’s Schulz’. Reuters. 8 December 2015.

  158. 158.

    ‘Donald Tusk warns EU has TWO MONTHS to get migrant crisis under control or Schengen will fall’. Mail Online, Associated Press. 19 January 2016.

  159. 159.

    Lionel Barber. ‘Juncker warns Trump to stop praising Brexit’. Financial Times – FT Weekend. Page 1. 25 March 2017.

  160. 160.

    Angus MacKinnon. ‘Rome seeks migrant moratorium, warns of social tensions’. AFP. 13 June 2017.

  161. 161.

    Angus MacKinnon. ‘Rome seeks migrant moratorium, warns of social tensions’. AFP. 13 June 2017.

  162. 162.

    James MacAuley. ‘The mysterious drop in the number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean’. Washingtonpost.com – The Washington Post. 1 September 2017.

  163. 163.

    ‘Italie: augmentation des arrivées de migrants’. Lefigaro.fr – Le Figaro. 10 October 2017.

  164. 164.

    ‘Europe slams its gates’. Foreignpolicy.com . 4 October 2017.

  165. 165.

    Justin Huggler. ‘EU court rejects ‘open-door’ policy and upholds right of member states to deport refugees’. The Telegraph. 26 July 2017.

  166. 166.

    Michael Birnbaum. ‘In once-welcoming Italy, the tide turns against migrants’. Washingtonpost.com – The Washington Post. 25 August 2017.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bongiovanni, F.M. (2018). The Tsunami. In: Europe and the End of the Age of Innocence. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74370-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74370-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74369-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74370-7

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics