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Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): A Middle Ear Mucosal Disease

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Abstract

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft, which presents with recurrent ear discharges or otorrhea through a tympanic membrane perforation. The prevalence of CSOM remains considerable with a huge impact on the health systems.

An emphasis is made on the etiology and pathogenesis of CSOM with a special attention to the concept of the vicious circle between inflammation and hypoxia . Advances in the molecular biology , genetics, and microbiology of CSOM are covered in detail. Various important risk factors are analyzed. For better understanding of its pathological process, the histopathology of CSOM is illustrated by electron microscopic images. A comprehensive description of its clinical feature is fully done.

Middle ear mechanics related to the sequelae of CSOM are explained for better understanding of the applied principles and the requirements of an appropriate middle ear reconstruction.

CT imaging reading of CSOM sequalae, confronted to the pertinent clinical findings, is able to demonstrate ME condensation images occupying specific anatomic compartments in the middle ear and mastoid and the presence of ossicular lysis and its extent. Moreover, CT Imaging may contribute to the diagnosis of a safe or unsafe ear. In this regard, an algorithm of the different clinico-radiologic strategies is presented.

Furthermore, the medical management of CSOM and relative different surgical procedures are described. Different types of tympanoplasty are schematically illustrated along with their selection criteria in different ear situations. Special considerations are made for the pediatric population.

Surgical techniques, procedure performances and approaches for CSOM sequalae repair in tympanoplasty are fully described along with their hints and pitfalls. A special attention is reserved to the importance of ME aeration in a successful ME reconstruction with an emphasis on the surgical approach to insure adequate aeration. Overall results of Middle Ear surgery and complications are reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lebanese University, Department of Otolaryngology, HNS Amoudi Center Boulevard Mazraa, Beirut, Lebanon

    Salah Mansour

  2. Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

    Jacques Magnan

  3. Department of Radiology, Middle East Institute of Health, Bsalim, Lebanon

    Karen Nicolas

  4. Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Karen Nicolas

  5. Department of Otolaryngology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar

    Hassan Haidar

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  1. Salah Mansour
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  2. Jacques Magnan
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  4. Hassan Haidar
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Mansour, S., Magnan, J., Nicolas, K., Haidar, H. (2018). Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): A Middle Ear Mucosal Disease. In: Middle Ear Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72962-6_6

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