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Amorphous Drugs pp 9–39Cite as

Order vs. Disorder in the Solid State

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Abstract

According to the definition given by the International Union of Crystallographers, “by “crystal” is meant any solid having an essentially discrete diffraction diagram” [1]. A typical diffraction pattern corresponding to a “classical” periodic, perfect crystal looks like the one shown in Fig. 2.1 [2]. This pattern corresponds to the inner structure of the material, which can be represented as an array of periodically repeating fragments. The whole structure can be described by defining the repeating fragment (basis) and a set of three non-coplanar unit vectors. The three unit vectors can be used to build a parallelepiped: a unit cell. Translations are not the only symmetry elements that can be used to describe a periodic structure. Combinations of mirror reflections, rotations, inversions, glides and screw rotations form groups, that are termed space symmetry groups. [3] A periodic structure can then be described only by defining the crystallographic coordinates of an asymmetric unit and the symmetry operations of the space symmetry group.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Crystallographic coordinates are defined in the coordination system related to the three primitive translation vectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland

    Marzena Rams-Baron & Marian Paluch

  2. Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Renata Jachowicz & Witold Jamroz

  3. Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

    Elena Boldyreva

  4. AbbVie, North Chicago, USA

    Deliang Zhou

Authors
  1. Marzena Rams-Baron
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  2. Renata Jachowicz
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  5. Witold Jamroz
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Rams-Baron, M., Jachowicz, R., Boldyreva, E., Zhou, D., Jamroz, W., Paluch, M. (2018). Order vs. Disorder in the Solid State. In: Amorphous Drugs. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72002-9_2

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