Abstract
This chapter provides a very broad overview of different energy policy and energy security issues that Europe faces, and those for which it needs to prepare itself for in the future. It asks whether EU energy governance has gained a new sense of direction since the Ukraine Crises erupted. We argue that the crisis was a bombshell moment for European energy governance, but it is yet to be seen whether that challenge has been turned into opportunity or, to the contrary, we will see a deepening of the existing rifts and further fragmentation. To provide the context for answering these questions and for the remainder of the book, we sketch the increasingly fluid geopolitical environment and the global challenges, which European energy policy has to address: shifting demand, climate change, the problem of energy access and changing global energy governance architecture. We then turn to internal hindrances of effective external energy policy, highlighting a split over economic efficiency, divergent climate policy ambitions, and the tension between market-oriented and statist energy policy approaches. The chapter concludes with a strong argument for streamlining energy and climate policy, as well as energy sustainability and security, in a longer-term EU energy strategy framework that seems to be emerging. We also emphasise the need for an approach to energy security moving beyond supply security.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bradshaw, Michael J. 2014. Global Energy Dilemmas: Energy Security, Globalization, and Climate Change. Cambridge: Polity.
Browne, John. 2013. A Fractured Future: Climate Change in an Age of Fossil Fuel Abundance. Lecture Given at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 27 November.
Cherp, Aleh, and Jessica Jewell. 2014. The Concept of Energy Security: Beyond the Four As. Energy Policy 75: 415–421. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.005.
Colgan, Jeff D., Robert O. Keohane, and Thijs Van de Graaf. 2012. Punctuated Equilibrium in the Energy Regime Complex. The Review of International Organizations 7 (2): 117–143. doi:10.1007/s11558-011-9130-9.
Dröge, Susanne. 2016. The Paris Agreement 2015. Turning Point for the International Climate Regime. SWP Research Paper 2016/RP 04, February 2016.
Dubash, Navroz K., and Ann Florini. 2011. Mapping Global Energy Governance. Global Policy 2 (s1): 6–18. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00119.x.
Eid, Cherrelle, Rudi Hakvoort, and Martin de Jong. 2017. Global Trends in the Political Economy of Smart Grids. In The Political Economy of Clean Energy Transitions, ed. Douglas Arent, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp, and Owen Zinaman. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
European Commission. 2017. Energy Union and Climate. Making Energy More Secure, Affordable and Sustainable. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/energy-union-and-climate_en. Accessed 23 June 2017.
Ferguson, Charles D. 2009. A Nuclear Renaissance? In Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook, ed. Gal Luft and Anne Korin, 295–307. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
Fischer, Severin. 2017. Energy Union: Delivery Still Pending. CSS Policy Perspectives 5 (1). Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich. http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/PP5-1.pdf
Florini, Ann, and Benjamin K. Sovacool. 2011. Bridging the Gaps in Global Energy Governance. Global Governance 17 (1): 57–74. doi:10.5555/ggov.2011.17.1.57.
Gawlikowska-Fyk, Aleksandra, Kai-Olaf Lang, Karsten Neuhoff, Ellen Scholl, and Kirsten Westphal. 2017. Energy in the German-Polish Relationship Acknowledging Controversies—Pursuing Shared Interests. SWP Comments 2017/C 04, February 2017.
Goldthau, Andreas. 2012. Introduction—Policy Agendas for the Future of Global Energy. Global Policy 3 (2): 182–183. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00161.x.
Goldthau, Andreas, and Nick Sitter. 2015. A Liberal Actor in a Realist World: The European Union Regulatory State and the Global Political Economy of Energy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Goldthau, Andreas, and Benjamin K. Sovacool. 2012. The Uniqueness of the Energy Security, Justice, and Governance Problem. Energy Policy 41: 232–240. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.10.042.
Hals, Tom. 2017. Westinghouse Reaches Deal for $800 Million U.S. Bankruptcy Loan. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-toshiba-accounting-westinghouse-idUSKBN18J2M2. Accessed 24 June 2017.
Helm, Dieter. 2014. The European Framework for Energy and Climate Policies. Energy Policy 64: 19–35. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.063.
Hirst, Neil and Froggatt, Antony. 2012. The Reform of Global Energy Governance. Grantham Institute for Climate Change Discussion Paper, No 3. London: Imperial College.
Högselius, Per. 2013. Red Gas: Russia and the Origins of European Energy Dependence, Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hua, Yaping, Monica Oliphant, and Hu. Eric Jing. 2016. Development of Renewable Energy in Australia and China: A Comparison of Policies and Status. Renewable Energy 85: 1044–1051.
Hughes, Llewellyn, and Jonas Meckling. 2017. The Politics of Renewable Energy Trade: The US-China Solar Dispute. Energy Policy 105: 256–262.
IEA. 2010. World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris: OECD/IEA.
———. 2016. World Energy Outlook 2016. Paris: OECD/IEA.
IRENA. 2017. Data and Statistics. Available at: http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/dashboard/. Accessed 24 June 2017.
Jewell, Jessica, Aleh Cherp, and Keywan Riahi. 2014. Energy Security Under De-carbonization Scenarios: An assessment Framework and Evaluation Under Different Technology and Policy Choices. Energy Policy 65: 743–760.
Kaul, Inge. 2013. Meeting Global Challenges. Assessing Governance Readiness. In The Governance Report 2013, ed. Hertie School of Governance, 33–58. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leuffen, Dirk, Berthold Rittberger, and Frank Schimmelfennig. 2013. Differentiated Integration: Explaining Variation in the European Union, 1. Publ, The European Union Series. Basingstoke [u.a.]: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lilliestam, Johan and Patt, Anthony. 2012. Conceptualising Energy Security in the European Context. A policy-Perspective Bottom-Up Approach to the Cases of EU, UK and Sweden. SEFEP Working Paper, 2012/4.
Mallet, Benjamin. 2016. France’s EDF Throws Areva a Lifeline with Reactor. Available at: dealhttp://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-edf-areva-idUSKBN13B0TG. Accessed 24 June 2017.
Mommer, Bernard. 2000. The Governance of International Oil: The Changing Rules of the Game. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, WPM 26, 2000. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/WPM26-TheGovernanceofInternationalOilTheChangingRulesofTheGame-BMommer-2000.pdf. Accessed 24 June 2017.
———. 2002. Global Oil and the Nation State. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Puka, Lidia, and Kacper Szulecki. 2014. The Politics and Economics of Cross-Border Electricity Infrastructure: A Framework for Analysis. Energy Research & Social Science 4: 124–134. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2014.10.003.
Pustelnik, Pawel Piotr. 2013. Comparing the EU Emissions Trading System and the US Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Is there Compatibility Across the Ocean? ESPRi Working Paper No 3. Available at: http://forumeuropejskie.eu/web/archive/news/tradingemissions. Accessed 24 June 2017.
REN 21. 2016. Renewables 2016. Global Status Report. Paris: REN21 Secretariat. ISBN 978-3-9818107-0-7.
Roehrkasten, Sybille, Sonja Thielges, and Rainer Quitzow, eds. 2016. Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition. IASS Study, S. 12–18. Potsdam: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS).
Rühl, C. 2014. The Five Global Implications of Shale Oil and Gas. Energy Post, January 10.
Schneider, Mycle, and Antony Froggatt. 2012. The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2012. Paris/London: Mycle Schneider Consulting.
Scholl, Ellen, and Kirsten Westphal. 2017. European Energy Security Reimagined: Mapping the Risks, Challenges and Opportunities of Changing Energy Geographies. SWP Research Paper 2017/4.
Schubert, Samuel R., Johannes Pollak, and Maren Kreutler. 2016. Energy Policy of the European Union, The European Union Series. London: Palgrave.
SE4All. 2017. Sustainable Energy for All. Global Tracking Framework. Progress Towards Sustainable Energy. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and the International Energy Agency.
Sharples, Jack D. 2013. Russian Approaches to Energy Security and Climate Change: Russian Gas Exports to the EU. Environmental Politics 22 (4): 683–700. doi:10.1080/09644016.2013.806628.
Slezak, Michael. 2017. China Cementing Global Dominance of Renewable Energy and Technology. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/06/china-cementing-global-dominance-of-renewable-energy-and-technology. Accessed 19 June 2017.
Solorio Sandoval, Israel, and Francesc Morata. 2012. Introduction: The Re-evolution of Energy Policy in Europe. In European Energy Policy: An Environmental Approach, ed. Francesc Morata and Israel Solorio Sandoval, 1–22. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Sovacool, Benjamin K., and Michael H. Dworkin. 2015. Energy Justice: Conceptual Insights and Practical Applications. Applied Energy 142: 435–444. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.002.
Statoil. 2016. Energy Perspectives 2016. Stavanger, June 1. Available at: https://www.statoil.com/content/dam/statoil/documents/energy-perspectives/energy-perspectives-2016.pdf. Accessed 19 June 2017.
Szulecki, Kacper, ed. 2016. Cracking Borders, Rising Walls. The Crisis of the European Order. Warsaw: Kultura Liberalna.
———. 2017. Poland’s Renewable Energy Policy Mix – European Influence and Domestic Soap Opera. CICERO Working Paper 1/2017, CICERO Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo.
Szulecki, Kacper, and Kirsten Westphal. 2014. The Cardinal Sins of European Energy Policy: Non-Governance in an Uncertain Global Landscape. Global Policy 5 (s1): 38–51.
Szulecki, Kacper, Severin Fischer, Anne Therese Gullberg, and Oliver Sartor. 2016. Shaping the ‘Energy Union’: Between National Positions and Governance Innovation in EU Energy and Climate Policy. Climate Policy 16 (5): 548–567.
Umbach, Frank. 2010. Global Energy Security and the Implications for the EU. Energy Policy 38: 1229–1240.
Van de Graaf, Thijs. 2013. The Politics and Institutions of Global Energy Governance. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Westphal, Kirsten. 2006. Energy Policy Between Multilateral Governance and Geopolitics: Whither Europe? Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft 4: 44–62.
———. 2016. Der Spaltkeil Nord Stream 2? Zur Zukunft der EU-Energiepolitik. In Energie. Markt Wettbewerb, Oktober 2016 (5): 2–5.
Wettestad, Jørgen, Per Ove Eikeland, and Måns Nilsson. 2012. EU Climate and Energy Policy: A Hesitant Supranational Turn? Global Environmental Politics 12 (2): 67–86.
Wilhite, Harold. 2012. The Energy Dilemma. In Development and the Environment: Practices, Theories, Policies, ed. Kristian Bjørkdahl and Kenneth Bo Nielsen, 81–97. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Yueh, Linda. 2010. An International Approach to Energy Security. Global Policy 1 (2): 216–217.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Szulecki, K., Westphal, K. (2018). Taking Security Seriously in EU Energy Governance: Crimean Shock and the Energy Union. In: Szulecki, K. (eds) Energy Security in Europe. Energy, Climate and the Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64964-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64964-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64963-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64964-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)