Abstract
During intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), radio-opaque contrast is injected into the biliary tree in order to delineate the internal anatomy of the biliary tract from intrahepatic origins to termination at the choledocho-duodenal junction. Its purpose is to visualize structural anatomical variations or morphologic abnormalities (gallstones, strictures or possible bile duct injury) that may aid the decision-making and intervention during surgery or help guide further postoperative investigation or intervention.
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Rangelova, E., Padbury, R. (2018). Intraoperative Cholangiography. In: Cox, M., Eslick, G., Padbury, R. (eds) The Management of Gallstone Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63884-3_17
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