Abstract
This last chapter recapitulates on the contents of the book, making a preliminary assessment of our findings and some more general conclusions. It takes advantage of the country study cases in order to provide a provisional typology of export-led growth according to its success and its contribution to the economy of the group of countries under analysis. Additionally, it addresses two concepts that are at the core of the conventional interpretations, namely, terms of trade deterioration and enclave, and presents the reasons why they cannot be presented as general features of Latin America’s first export era. Lastly, the chapter proposes a research agenda for the future.
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Notes
- 1.
Openness is usually measured as the ratio of total trade (imports plus exports) to GDP. As in this volume we focus on exports, the indicator we can provide is a partial measure of it. However, under the assumption of balanced trade, we may estimate openness as approximately double the size of the ratio of exports to GDP.
- 2.
In his assessment, a successful export-led growth was such that allowed to achieve a target rate of growth of 1.5% in real GDP per head for a relatively long period. Bulmer-Thomas (2014, pp. 55–73).
- 3.
About a new wave of dependency theory, there are works from the Latin American scholarship that we may cite, but it is interesting to note that its influence extends to more global endeavors. See, for instance, Szlajfer and Henryk (2012, p. 245 and ff.), Weaver (2000, p. 75 and ff.). For the current use of the term, see Dietz (1985), Warr (1987), among others.
- 4.
A recent work dealing with current export-led growth proposes ways of overcoming the enclave character of export activities in Africa. They consist precisely of the kinds of connections with the non-export economy that we have identified in the Latin American first export era. See Isik, Opalo, and Toledano (2015).
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Kuntz-Ficker, S. (2017). Latin America’s First Export Era: A Preliminary Balance (Toward a New Synthesis). In: Kuntz-Ficker, S. (eds) The First Export Era Revisited. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62340-5_9
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