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Saliva-Based Point-of-Care in Oral Cancer Detection: Current Trend and Future Opportunities

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Oral Cancer Detection

Abstract

Development of point-of-care (POC) for saliva-based, noninvasive detection of OSCC is an active area of research. Portable and easy-to-use biomedical devices and advanced electrochemical platforms (OFNASET) or simple paper-strip chromatography (e.g., OncAlert ®), based on a single or a panel of salivary biomarkers, are already available for clinical use. In this chapter, the emerging core technologies and approaches assisting early POC detection are discussed. Knowledge from closely related fields like nanotechnology is also summarized to provide insight on possible future approaches that can be tailored for oral cancer detection. POC for oral cancer can be designed to work on a potential biomarker candidate (validated in multi-cohort and multiethnic studies) among the wide range of 100 signature analytes from proteins to RNA, cytomorphometry of exfoliated cells in saliva (analogous to circulating tumor cells in plasma), or through high-throughput screening of salivary exosomes for potential signatures. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was also used as a saliva assay previously, and such attempts will evolve significantly if saliva samples are mucin-free. ELISA is a common method for low-cost protein detection, with great POC potential. Its performance can be optimized through bead and nanoparticle technology. Sophisticated Luminex multi-analyte profiling (xMAP) technology and metal-linked immunosorbent assay (MeLISA), based on ELISA and biocatalytic ability of enzymes, were already reported with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be extrapolated to saliva samples. Some technologies have also assisted detection of mutations, such as “electric field-induced release and measurement” (EFIRM) recently deployed for identification of EGFR mutations through saliva samples. In this chapter, we have narrated the current trend and future opportunities for POC development in saliva-based oral cancer detection.

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Acknowledgment

Support from Ronnie James Dio Stand Up and Shout Cancer Research Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India

    Prashanth Panta MDS

  2. Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David T. W. Wong DMD, DMSc

  3. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David T. W. Wong DMD, DMSc

  4. Head and Neck Surgery/Otolaryngology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David T. W. Wong DMD, DMSc

  5. School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David T. W. Wong DMD, DMSc

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Correspondence to Prashanth Panta MDS .

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  1. Depatment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hyderabad, India

    Prashanth Panta

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Panta, P., Wong, D.T.W. (2019). Saliva-Based Point-of-Care in Oral Cancer Detection: Current Trend and Future Opportunities. In: Panta, P. (eds) Oral Cancer Detection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61255-3_15

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