Abstract
Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was first introduced by Trokel in 1983 to correct myopia [1]. Seiler and coauthors in 1988 proposed this technology to correct astigmatism with T cuts, but the refractive results were not superior to incisional techniques [2]. In 1991, McDonnell published promising clinical results with photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK) using toric ablation [3]. Since then, more than 20 million excimer laser procedures have been performed, and this technology has become the method of choice to correct both spherical and astigmatic errors. As a result, corneal refractive surgery is the second most frequently performed ocular procedure worldwide, just after cataract surgery.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Trokel S, Srinivasan R, Braren B. Excimer laser surgery of the cornea. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96:710–5.
Seiler T, Bende T, Wollensak J, Trokel S. Excimer laser keratectomy for correction of astigmatism. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105:117–24.
McDonnell PJ, Moreira H, Garbus J, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy to create toric ablations for correction of astigmatism. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:710–3.
Talamo JH, Gollamudi S, Green WR, et al. Modulation of corneal wound healing after excimer laser keratomileusis using topical mitomycin C and steroids. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:1141–6.
Majmudar PA, Forstot SL, Dennis RF, et al. Topical mitomycin C for subepithelial fibrosis after refractive surgery. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:89–94.
Carones F, Vigo L, Scandola E, et al. Evaluation of the prophylactic use of mitomycin-C to inhibit haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:2088–95.
Sekundo W, Kunert KS, Blum M. Small incision corneal refractive surgery using the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism: results of a 6-month prospective study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:335–9.
Tabin GC, Alpins N, Aldred G, et al. Astigmatic change 1 year after excimer laser treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1996;22:924–30.
Febbraro JL, Gross M, Aron B, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy for compound myopic astigmatism: clinical results at one year. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:911–20.
Khan H, Kaye G, Febbraro JL. Correction of high astigmatism: case studies using the mixed-cylinder approach. J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1073–8.
McDonald MB, Deitz MR, Frantz JM, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy for low-to-moderate myopia and astigmatism with a small-beam, tracker-directed excimer laser. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1481–8.
McDonald MB, Carr JD, Frantz JM, et al. Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia up to −11 diopters with up to −5 diopters of astigmatism with summit Autonomous LADARVision excimer laser system. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:309–16.
Aron-Rosa D, Febbraro JL. Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia. J Refract Surg. 1999;15:S212–5.
Argento CJ, Cosentino MJ, Biondini AB. Treatment of hyperopic astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:1480–90.
Chayet AS, Magallanes R, Montes M, et al. Laser in situ keratomileusis for simple myopic, mixed, and simple hyperopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 1998;14:S175–6.
Arbalaez MC, Knorz MC. Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 1999;15:406–14.
Azar DT, Primak JD. Theoretical analysis of ablation depths and profiles in laser in situ keratomileusis for compound hyperopic and mixed astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1123–36.
Carones F, Vigo L, Scandola E. Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia and hyperopic and mixed astigmatism with LADARVision using 7- to 10-mm ablation diameters. J Refract Surg. 2003;19:548–54.
Salz JJ, Stevens CA. LASIK correction of spherical hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism with the LADARVision excimer laser system. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1647–57.
Dausch D, Klein R, Landesz M, Schröder E. Photorefractive keratectomy to correct astigmatism with myopia and hyperopia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1994;20(Suppl):252–7.
Chayet AS, Montes M, Gomez L, et al. Bitoric laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of simple myopic and mixed astigmatism. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:303–8.
Santhiago MR, Netto MV, Wilson SE. Mitomycin C: Biological effects and use in refractive surgery. Cornea 2012;31:311–321.
Majmudar PA, Schallhorn SC, Cason JB, et al. Mitomycin-C in corneal surface excimer laser ablation techniques. A report by the American Academy of Ophthalmlogy. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:1085–95.
Brodovsky S, Couper T, Alpins NA, et al. Excimer laser correction of astigmatism with multipass/multizone treatment. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:627–33.
Zadok D, Haviv D, Vishnevskia-Dai V, et al. Excimer laser photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy: eighteen-month follow-up. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:620–3.
Lee JS, Oum BS, Lee BJ, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy for astigmatism greater than −2.00 diopters in eyes with low, high, or extreme myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:1456–63.
Kremer I, Gabbay U, Blumenthal M. One-year follow-up results of photorefractive keratectomy for low, moderate, and high primary astigmatism. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:741–8.
Katz T, Wagenfeld L, Galambos P, et al. LASIK versus photorefractive keratectomy for high astigmatism (> 3 diopters) astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2013;29(12):824–31.
Febbraro JL, Koch D, Khan H, Saad A, Gatinel D. Detection of static cyclorotation and compensation of dynamic cyclotorsion in LASIK. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36(10):1718–23.
Pop M, Payette Y. Risk factors for night vision complaints after LASIK for myopia. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:3–10.
Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Seiler T. Wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis: early results in three eyes. J Refract Surg. 2000;16:116–21.
Villarrubbia A, Palacin E, Bains R, et al. Comparison of custom ablation and conventional laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism using the Alcon excimer laser. Cornea. 2009;28:971–5.
D’Arcy F, Kirwan C, Qasem Q, et al. Prospective contralateral eye study to compare conventional and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90:76–80.
Caster AI, Hoff JL, Ruiz R. Nomogram adjustment of laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism with the Alcon LADARVision system. J Refract Surg. 2004;20:364–70.
Toy BC, Yu C, Manche EE. Vector analysis of 1-year astigmatic outcomes from a prospective randomized, fellow eye comparison of wavefront-guide and wavefront-optimized LASIK in myopes. J Refract Surg. 2015;31:322–7.
Bohac M, Bisevic A, Koncarevic M, et al. Comparison of wavelight Allegretto eye-Q and Schwind Amaris 750S excimer laser treatment of high astigmatism. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252:1679–86.
Frings A, Katz T, et al. Efficacy and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for low astigmatism of 0.75 diopter or less. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:366–77.
Katz T, Frings A, Linke S, et al. Laser in situ keratomileusis for astigmatism ≤0.75 diopter combined with low myopia: a retrospective data analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:1.
Arbelaez MC, Vidal C, Arba-Mosquera S. Excimer laser correction of moderate to high astigmatism with a non-wavefront-guided aberration-free ablation profile: six-month results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:1789–98.
Alio J, et al. Laser in situ keratomileusis using optimized aspheric profiles and cyclotorsion control to treat compound myopic astigmatism with high cylinder. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:28–35.
Kugler L, Cohen I, Haddad W, et al. Efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis for astigmatism in correcting anterior and non-anterior corneal astigmatism: Comparative study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1745–52.
Qian Y, Huang J, Liu R, et al. Influence of internal optical astigmatism on the correction of myopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2011;27:863–8.
Qian Y, Huang J, Chu R, et al. Influence of the intraocular astigmatism on the correction of myopic astigmatism by laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:558–63.
Labiris G, Gatzioufas Z, Giamoukakis A, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of the allegretto wave and the wavefront-optimized abltion profile in non-anterior astigmatisms. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90:442–6.
Wolffsohn JS, Bhogal G, Shah S. Effect of uncorrected astigmatism on vision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:454–60.
Villegas EA, Alcon E, Artal P. Minimum amount of astigmatism that should be corrected. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:13–9.
Alpins N, Stamatelatos G. Clinical outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis using combined tomography and refractive wavefront treatments for myopic astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1250–9.
Kunert KS, Russman C, Blum M, et al. Vector analysis of myopic astigmatism corrected by femtosecond refractive lenticule extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:759–69.
Qian Y, Huang J, Chu R, et al. Influence of intraocular astigmatism on the correction of myopic astigmatism by femtosecond laser small-incision lenticule extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:1057–64.
Barraquer CC, Guttierrez MAM. Results of laser in situ keratomileusis in hyperopic compound astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:1480–90.
Ivarsen A, Naeser K, Hjortdal J. Laser in situ keratomileusis for high astigmatism in myopic and hyperopic eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:74–80.
Jin G, Merkley KH, Lyle A. Laser in situ keratomileusis for primary and secondary mixed astigmatism. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:1019–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Clinical cases 1–4 (MP4 130201 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Febbraro, JL., Prat, B., Khan, H.N. (2018). Excimer Laser Correction of Astigmatism: Principles and Clinical Results. In: Febbraro, JL., Khan, H., Koch, D. (eds) Surgical Correction of Astigmatism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56565-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56565-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56563-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56565-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)