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Mitochondria in Structural and Functional Cardiac Remodeling

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Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Medicine

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 982))

Abstract

The heart must function continuously as it is responsible for both supplying oxygen and nutrients throughout the entire body, as well as for the transport of waste products to excretory organs. When facing either a physiological or pathological increase in cardiac demand, the heart undergoes structural and functional remodeling as a means of adapting to increased workload. These adaptive responses can include changes in gene expression, protein composition, and structure of sub-cellular organelles involved in energy production and metabolism. Mitochondria are essential for cardiac function, as they supply the ATP necessary to support continuous cycles of contraction and relaxation. In addition, mitochondria carry out other important processes, including synthesis of essential cellular components, calcium buffering, and initiation of cell death signals. Not surprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to several cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion and heart failure. The present chapter will discuss how changes in mitochondrial cristae structure, fusion/fission dynamics, fatty acid oxidation, ATP production, and the generation of reactive oxygen species might impact cardiac structure and function, particularly in the context of pathological hypertrophy and fibrotic response. In addition, the mechanistic role of mitochondria in autophagy and programmed cell death of cardiomyocytes will be addressed. Here we will also review strategies to improve mitochondrial function and discuss their cardioprotective potential.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientıfica y Tecnologica (CONICYT), Chile (FONDAP 15130011 to S.L., Postdoctoral FONDECYT 3160549 to P.A.). N.T. is recipient of a PhD fellowship from CONICYT, Chile. National Institutes of Health U54 HD087351 and HL098051 to B.A.R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago, 8380492, Chile

    Natalia Torrealba, Pablo Aranguiz, Camila Alonso & Sergio Lavandero

  2. Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Beverly A. Rothermel

  3. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Beverly A. Rothermel

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Sergio Lavandero

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  1. Natalia Torrealba
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  2. Pablo Aranguiz
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  3. Camila Alonso
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  4. Beverly A. Rothermel
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  5. Sergio Lavandero
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Correspondence to Beverly A. Rothermel or Sergio Lavandero .

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  1. Dept. of Biomedical Advanced Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

    Gaetano Santulli

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Torrealba, N., Aranguiz, P., Alonso, C., Rothermel, B.A., Lavandero, S. (2017). Mitochondria in Structural and Functional Cardiac Remodeling. In: Santulli, G. (eds) Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Medicine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 982. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_15

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