Abstract
This chapter reviews demographic and other situation of ethnic and religious minorities in China and India. Demographic trends of minorities in China and India in the inter-census periods as well as population changes among specific ethnic minorities are presented. Affirmative action through preferential policies for minorities in the two countries are critically examined, showing that these policies have benefited the minorities in both countries.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ahmed, A. N. S. (2007). Participation of Muslims in governance: A case of Assam. In M. A. Jawaid, K. N. Jehangir, & S. Bose (Eds.), Minorities of India: Problems and prospects. New Delhi: Indian Council of Social Science Research in Association with Manak Publications Pvt Ltd.
Bhalla, A. S., & Qiu, S. (2006). Poverty and inequality among Chinese minorities. London: Routledge.
Brass, P. (1974). Language, religion and politics in north India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
CERD (United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination). (2007). Concluding observations of the committee on the report by India, CERD/C/IND/CO/19, 5 May. Geneva.
CERD (United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination). (2009). Report submitted by China, CERD/C/CHN/10–13, 24 March. Geneva.
Diamond, N. (1994). Defining the Miao. In H. Steven (Ed.), Cultural encounters on China’s ethnic frontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Gayer, L., & Jaffrelot, C. (Eds.). (2012). Introduction: Muslims of the Indian city. In L. Gayer & C. Jaffrelot (Eds.), Muslims in Indian cities: Trajectories of marginalization. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gladney, D. C. (1995). Economy and ethnicity: The revitalization of a Muslim minority in southeastern China. In A. G. Walder (Ed.), The waning of the Communist state: Economic origin of political decline in China and Hungary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gladney, D. C. (1996). Muslim Chinese: Ethnic nationalism in the People’s Republic of China. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.
GOC (Government of China), Ministry of Finance. (2015). Collection of the 2015 financial budgets of the provincial-level governments. Beijing.
GOC (Government of China), State Statistical Bureau. (2015). China statistical yearbook. Beijing: SSB.
GOC (Government of China), State Statistical Bureau (SSB). (2003). 2000 population census. Beijing: SSB.
GOC (Government of China), State Statistical Bureau (SSB). (2015). 2010 population census. Beijing: SSB.
GOI (Government of India), Cabinet Secretariat. (2006, November). Social, economic and educational status of the Muslim community in India: A report of the prime minister’s High Level Committee (chaired by Rajinder Sachar). New Delhi.
Hasan, Z. (2009). Politics of inclusion: Castes, minorities, affirmative action. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Hasmath, R., & MacDonald, A. (2016, September 1–4). Beyond special privileges: The discretionary treatment of ethnic minorities in China’s welfare system. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Philadelphia.
Iredale, R., Bilik, N., & Wang, S. (2001). Contemporary minority migration, education and ethnicity in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Israeli, R. (2002). Islam in China: Religion, ethnicity, culture and politics. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Jhabvala, D. S. H. (1977). Parsis. Encyclopaedia Americana, 21.
Jodhka, S. S., & Newman, K. S. (2010). In the name of globalization: Meritocracy, productivity, and the hidden language of caste. In S. K. Thorat & K. S. Newman (Eds.), Blocked by caste: Economic discrimination in modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Kaup, K. P. (2002). Regionalism versus ethnic-nationalism in the People’s Republic of China. China Quarterly, 172.
Leibold, J. (2016). Preferential policies for ethnic minorities. In X. Zang (Ed.), Handbook on ethnic minorities in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Li, W. (2014). How much money does Xinjiang spend on public security? Nanfang zhoumo.
Lu, S. T. (2009). Analysis of migration of the minorities from north-eastern region in the process of urbanisation. Manchu Minority Research (manzuyanjiu), 1(94).
Ma, J. (2016). Ethnic minorities in southwest China. In X. Zang (Ed.), Handbook on ethnic minorities in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mackerras, C. (2003). China’s ethnic minorities and globalization. London: Routledge Curzon.
Mackerras, C. (2006). Ethnic minorities. In C. Tubilewicz (Ed.), Critical issues in contemporary China. London: Routledge.
Mullaney, T. S. (2011). Coming to terms with the nation: Ethnic classification in modern China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nayyar, D. (2011). Discrimination and justice: Beyond affirmative action. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(42).
Postiglione, G. (2008). Making Tibetans in China: The educational challenges of harmonious multiculturalism. Educational Review, 60(1).
Postiglione, G., Jiao, B., & Gyatso, S. (2006). Household perspectives on school attendance in rural Tibet. Educational Review, 58(3).
Sangay, L. (1998). Education rights for Tibetans in Tibet and India. In J. D. Montgomery (Ed.), Human rights: Positive policies in Asia and the Pacific Rim. Hollis, NH: Hollis Publishing Company.
Sautman, B. (1998). Preferential policies for ethnic minorities in China: The case of Xinjiang. In W. Safran (Ed.), Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China. London: Frank Cass.
Teng, X., & Ma, X. (2009). Preferential policies for ethnic minorities and educational equality in higher education in China. In M. Zhou & A. M. Hill (Eds.), Affirmative action in China and the US: A dialogue on inequality and minority education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Thorat, S., Tagade, N., & Naik, A. K. (2016). Prejudice against reservation policies: How and why? Economic and Political Weekly, 51(8).
Unger, J. (1997). Not quite Han: The ethnic minorities of China’s southwest. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29(3).
Weiner, M. (1998). India’s minorities: Who are they? What do they want? In P. Chatterjee (Ed.), State and politics in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Zang, X. (2015). Ethnicity in China. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Zhang, S. Y., & Zeng, M. X. (2005). Study of the distribution and migration of the minority population—Based on the fifth national population census (in Chinese). Nationality Studies (mizuyanjiu), 1, 17–25.
Zhou, Y. (2002). Shaoshuren qanti de fali (Jurisprudence on minority rights in international law). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhalla, A.S., Luo, D. (2017). Minorities in China and India. In: Poverty and Exclusion of Minorities in China and India. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53937-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53937-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53936-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53937-9
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)