Abstract
In the past two decades, research conducted on all-female outdoor education/adventure education/experiential education programmes, particularly for adolescent girls, has seen remarkable attention. Many women have focused their careers on creating and offering programmes that promote girls’ development. Researchers and practitioners have documented outcomes of girls’ participation and have shed light on the various benefits that girls may have received. This chapter examines the collective outcomes of girls’ participation in programmes designed for girls, facilitated by women. It examines why all-girls programmes exist, the outcomes and benefits of girls’ participation, and suggests programme-planning strategies for practitioners.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barr-Wilson, S. K. (2012). Adolescent girls and body image: Influence of an outdoor adventure program on healthy living. Master’s thesis, San Francisco State University, CA.
Barr-Wilson, S. K., & Roberts, N. S. (2016). Adolescent girls and body image: Influence of outdoor adventure on healthy living. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 8(2), 148–164.
Bialeschki, M. D., & Henderson, K. A. (1993). Expanding outdoor opportunities for women. Parks & Recreation, 28(8), 36–40.
Budbill, N. W. (2008). Dirt divas: An examination of an outdoor adventure program’s impact on the development of adolescent girls. Master’s thesis. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (304830540).
Culp, R. (1998). Adolescent girls and outdoor recreation: A case study examining constraints and effective programming. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(3), 356–379.
DeBate, R. D., & Thompson, S. H. (2005). Girls on the run: Improvements in self-esteem, body size satisfaction and eating attitudes/behaviors. Eating Weight Disorders, 10, 25–32.
Edwards-Leeper, L. (2003). Evaluation of girls’ wilderness programs. Unpublished manuscript. Boulder, CO: The Women’s Wilderness Institute.
Galeotti, S. (2015). Empowering pre-adolescent girls: Girls on the run experiential learning exploratory study. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(4), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825915603578
Henderson, K. A. (1991). The contribution of feminism to an understanding of leisure constraints. Journal of Leisure Research, 23(4), 363–377.
Henderson, K. A. (1994). Broadening an understanding of women, gender and leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26(1), 1–7.
Henderson, K. A. (1996). Feminist perspectives on outdoor leadership. In K. Warren (Ed.), Women’s voices in experiential education (pp. 107–117). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Henderson, K. A., & Bialeschki, M. D. (1986). Outdoor experiential education (for women only). In M. Gass & L. Buell (Eds.), The season of ingenuity: Ethics in experiential education. AEE Conference Proceedings Journal, 35–41.
Henderson, K. A., & Bialeschki, M. D. (1991). A sense of entitlement to leisure as constraint and empowerment for women. Leisure Sciences, 13, 51–65.
Henderson, K. A., Bialeschki, M. D., Shaw, S. M., & Freysinger, V. J. (1996). Both gains and gaps: Feminist perspectives on women’s leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Henderson, K. A., & Grant, A. E. (1998). Recreation programming: Don’t forget the girls. Parks & Recreation, 33(6), 34–41.
Henderson, K. A., & King, K. (1998). Recreation programming for adolescent girls: Rationale and foundations. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 16(2), 1–14.
Hornibrook, T., Brinkert, E., Parry, D., Seimens, R., Mitten, D., & Priest, S. (1997). The benefits and motivations of all women outdoor programs. Journal of Experiential Education, 20, 152–158.
Humberstone, B. (1990). Gender, change and adventure education. Gender and Education, 2(2), 199–215.
Hurtes, K. P. (2002). Social dependency: The impact of adolescent female culture. Leisure Sciences, 24, 109–121.
Jackson, E. L., & Henderson, K. A. (1995). Gender-based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 31–51.
Jordan, D. J. (1992). Effective leadership for girls and women in outdoor recreation. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 63(2), 61–64.
Loeffler, T. A. (1997). Assisting women in developing a sense of competence in outdoor programs. The Journal of Experiential Education, 20(3), 119–123.
Long, A. E. (2001). Learning the ropes: Exploring the meaning and value of experiential education for girls at risk. Journal of Experiential Education, 24(2), 100–108.
McKenney, P., Budbill, N., & Roberts, N. S. (2008). Girls’ outdoor adventure program: History, theory, & practice. In K. Warren, D. Mitten, & T. A. Loeffler (Eds.), Theory and practice of experiential education (pp. 532–554). Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.
McKenney, P. A. (1996). A program evaluation of an all-girls’ outdoor adventure program. Master’s thesis. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (304349677).
Mitten, D. (1985). A philosophical basis for a women’s outdoor adventure program. The Journal of Experiential Education, 8(2), 20–24.
Mitten, D. (1986). Women’s outdoor programs need a different philosophy. Association of College Unions-International, 54(4), 16–19.
Mitten, D. (1992). Empowering girls and women in the outdoors. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 63(2), 61–64.
Nolan, T., & Priest, S. (1993). Outdoor programmes for women only? The Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 10, 14–17.
Pate, L. J. (1997). Adolescent sex-role stereotyping: Change through wilderness course. Journal of Experiential Education, 20(2), 161–165.
Prince-Embry, S. (2006). Resiliency scales for children and adolescents: Profiles of personal strengths manual. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.
Porter, T. (1996). Connecting with courage: An Outward Bound program for adolescent girls. In K. Warren (Ed.), Women’s voices in experiential education (p. 2010). Dubuque, IL: Kendall/Hunt.
Sammet, K. (2010). Relationships matter: Adolescent girls and relational development in adventure education. Journal of Experiential Education, 33(2), 151–165.
Shaw, S. M. (1994). Gender, leisure, and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women’s leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26(1), 271–280.
Shaw, S. M. (1999). Gender and leisure. In E. Burton (Ed.), Leisure studies: Prospects for the 21st century (pp. 271–280). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Tsikalas, K., Martin, K. L, & Wright, V. (2015). What keeps us out of the outdoors? Girl Scouts speak out on barriers to outdoor participation. New Orleans, LA: American Camp Association National Research Forum. Retrieved from http://www.acacamps.org/sites/default/files/resource_library/2015-National-Research-Forum-Book-Abstracts.pdf
Tyson, L., & Asmus, K. (2008). Deepening the paradigm of choice: Exploring choice and power in experiential education. In K. Warren, D. Mitten, & T. A. Loeffler (Eds.), The theory and practice of experiential education (pp. 262–281). Boulder, CO: Association of Experiential Education.
Warren, K. (1985). Women’s outdoor adventures: Myth and reality. The Journal of Experiential Education, 8(2), 10–14.
Warren, K. (1996). Women’s voices in experiential education. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt.
Warren, K., & Loeffler, T. A. (2006). Factors that influence women’s technical skill development in outdoor adventure. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 6(2), 121–134.
West-Smith, L. (2000). Body stories: Research and intimate narratives on women transforming body image in outdoor adventure. Edgewood, KY: Adventurehaven Press.
Whittington, A. (2006). Challenging girls’ constructions of femininity in the outdoors. Journal of Experiential Education, 28, 205–221.
Whittington, A. (2011). Life after the river: Long-term impacts of girls’ participation in an adventure program. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 3(1), 40–52.
Whittington, A., Aspelmeier, J. E., & Budbill, N. W. (2015). Promoting resiliency in adolescent girls through adventure programming. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 16(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2015.1047872
Whittington, A., & Budbill, N. (2013). Breaking the mold: Impacts of adventure education on girls. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 5, 37–53.
Whittington, A., & Mack, E. N. (2010). Inspiring courage in girls: An evaluation of practices and outcomes. Journal of Experiential Education, 33, 166–180.
Whittington, A., Mack, E. N., Budbill, N. W., & McKenney, P. (2011). All-girls adventure programmes: What are the benefits? Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2010.505817
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Whittington, A. (2018). Changing Girls’ Lives: One Programme at a Time. In: Gray, T., Mitten, D. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Outdoor Learning. Palgrave Studies in Gender and Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_45
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53550-0_45
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53549-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53550-0
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)