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Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.

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Book cover Phytocannabinoids

Part of the book series: Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products ((POGRCHEM,volume 103))

Abstract

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa, or hemp) and its constituents—in particular the cannabinoids—have been the focus of extensive chemical and biological research for almost half a century since the discovery of the chemical structure of its major active constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The plant’s behavioral and psychotropic effects are attributed to its content of this class of compounds, the cannabinoids, primarily Δ9-THC, which is produced mainly in the leaves and flower buds of the plant. Besides Δ9-THC, there are also non-psychoactive cannabinoids with several medicinal functions, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabigerol (CBG), along with other non-cannabinoid constituents belonging to diverse classes of natural products. Today, more than 560 constituents have been identified in cannabis. The recent discoveries of the medicinal properties of cannabis and the cannabinoids in addition to their potential applications in the treatment of a number of serious illnesses, such as glaucoma, depression, neuralgia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and alleviation of symptoms of HIV/AIDS and cancer, have given momentum to the quest for further understanding the chemistry, biology, and medicinal properties of this plant.

This contribution presents an overview of the botany, cultivation aspects, and the phytochemistry of cannabis and its chemical constituents. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly-identified/isolated compounds. In addition, techniques for isolation of cannabis constituents and analytical methods used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of cannabis and its products are also reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Mohamed M. Radwan, Waseem Gul, Suman Chandra & Ahmed Galal

  2. ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS, 38655, USA

    Mahmoud A. ElSohly & Waseem Gul

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  1. Mahmoud A. ElSohly
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  2. Mohamed M. Radwan
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  3. Waseem Gul
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  4. Suman Chandra
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  5. Ahmed Galal
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Correspondence to Mahmoud A. ElSohly or Mohamed M. Radwan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    A. Douglas Kinghorn

  2. Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

    Heinz Falk

  3. Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom

    Simon Gibbons

  4. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan

    Jun'ichi Kobayashi

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ElSohly, M.A., Radwan, M.M., Gul, W., Chandra, S., Galal, A. (2017). Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.. In: Kinghorn, A., Falk, H., Gibbons, S., Kobayashi, J. (eds) Phytocannabinoids. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 103. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1

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