Skip to main content

Companion-Systems: A Reference Architecture

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Companion Technology

Abstract

Companion-Technology for cognitive technical systems consists of a multitude of components that implement different properties. A primary point is the architecture which is responsible for the interoperability of all components. It defines the capabilities of the systems crucially. For research concerning the requirements and effects of the architecture, several demonstration scenarios were developed. Each of these demonstration scenarios focuses on some aspects of a Companion-System. For the implementation a middleware concept was used, having the capability to realize the major part of the Companion-Systems. Currently the system architecture takes up only a minor property in projects which are working on related research topics. For the description of an architecture representing the major part of possible Companion-Systems, the demonstration scenarios are studied with regard to their system structure and the constituting components. A monolithic architecture enables a simple system design and fast direct connections between the components, such as: sensors with their processing and fusion components, knowledge bases, planning components, dialog systems and interaction components. Herein, only a limited number of possible Companion-Systems can be represented. In a principled approach, a dynamic architecture, capable of including new components during run time, is able to represent almost all Companion-Systems. Furthermore, an approach for enhancing the architecture is introduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Apache ActiveMQ: An open source messaging and integration patterns server—http://activemq.apache.org [accessed: 2015-12-18].

  2. 2.

    Apache ActiveMQ—OpenWire: A cross-language wire protocol—http://activemq.apache.org/openwire.html [accessed: 2015-12-18].

  3. 3.

    Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a machine-to-machine connectivity protocol for the internet of things—http://www.mqtt.org/ [accessed: 2015-12-18].

  4. 4.

    PriMA—privacy-aware modality adaptation.

References

  1. Atrey, P.K., Hossain, M.A., El Saddik, A., Kankanhalli, M.S.: Multimodal fusion for multimedia analysis: a survey. Multimed. Syst. 16(6), 345–379 (2010). doi:10.1007/s00530-010-0182-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bercher, P., Biundo, S., Geier, T., Hoernle, T., Nothdurft, F., Richter, F., Schattenberg, B.: Plan, repair, execute, explain – how planning helps to assemble your home theater. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2014), pp. 386–394. AAAI Press, Palo Alto (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bercher, P., Richter, F., Hörnle, T., Geier, T., Höller, D., Behnke, G., Nothdurft, F., Honold, F., Minker, W., Weber, M., Biundo, S.: A planning-based assistance system for setting up a home theater. In: Proceedings of the 29th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2015), pp. 4264–4265. AAAI Press, Palo Alto (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Biundo, S., Wendemuth, A.: Companion-technology for cognitive technical systems. KI – Künstl. Intell. (2015). doi:10.1007/s13218-015-0414-8

    Google Scholar 

  5. Caschera, M.C., D’Ulizia, A., Ferri, F., Grifoni, P.: Multimodal systems: an excursus of the main research questions. In: Ciuciu, I., Panetto, H., Debruyne, C., Aubry, A., Bollen, P., Valencia-García, R., Mishra, A., Fensel, A., Ferri, F. (eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2015 Workshops. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9416, pp. 546–558. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26138-6_59

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Glodek, M., Tschechne, S., Layher, G., Schels, M., Brosch, T., Scherer, S., Kächele, M., Schmidt, M., Neumann, H., Palm, G., Schwenker, F.: Multiple classifier systems for the classification of audio-visual emotional states. In: D’Mello, S., Graesser, A., Schuller, B., Martin, J.C. (eds.) Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6975, pp. 359–368. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24571-8_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Glodek, M., Honold, F., Geier, T., Krell, G., Nothdurft, F., Reuter, S., Schüssel, F., Hörnle, T., Dietmayer, K., Minker, W., Biundo, S., Weber, M., Palm, G., Schwenker, F.: Fusion paradigms in cognitive technical systems for human–computer interaction. Neurocomputing 161(0), 17–37 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2015.01.076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Handrich, S., Al-Hamadi, A.: Multi hypotheses based object tracking in HCI environments. In: 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 1981–1984 (2012). doi:10.1109/ICIP.2012.6467276

    Google Scholar 

  9. Honold, F., Poguntke, M., SchĂĽssel, F., Weber, M.: Adaptive dialogue management and UIDL-based interactive applications. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Support for User Interface Description Language (UIDL 2011). Thales Research and Technology France, Paris (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Honold, F., Schüssel, F., Weber, M.: Adaptive probabilistic fission for multimodal systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI ’12, pp. 222–231. ACM, New York (2012). doi:10.1145/2414536.2414575

    Google Scholar 

  11. Honold, F., Schüssel, F., Weber, M., Nothdurft, F., Bertrand, G., Minker, W.: Context models for adaptive dialogs and multimodal interaction. In: 2013 9th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), pp. 57–64. IEEE, Piscataway (2013). doi:10.1109/IE.2013.54

    Google Scholar 

  12. Honold, F., Bercher, P., Richter, F., Nothdurft, F., Geier, T., Barth, R., Hörnle, T., Schüssel, F., Reuter, S., Rau, M., Bertrand, G., Seegebarth, B., Kurzok, P., Schattenberg, B., Minker, W., Weber, M., Biundo, S.: Companion-technology: towards user- and situation-adaptive functionality of technical systems. In: 2014 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), pp. 378–381. IEEE, Piscataway (2014). doi:10.1109/IE.2014.60

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hörnle, T., Tornow, M.: Reference architecture approach for companion-systems. Presented on the 1st International Symposium on Companion-Technology (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hrabal, D., Kohrs, C., Brechmann, A., Tan, J.W., Rukavina, S., Traue, H.: Physiological effects of delayed system response time on skin conductance. In: Schwenker, F., Scherer, S., Morency, L.P. (eds.) Multimodal Pattern Recognition of Social Signals in Human-Computer-Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7742, pp. 52–62. Springer, Cham (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37081-6_7

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Knappmeyer, M., Kiani, S., Reetz, E., Baker, N., Tonjes, R.: Survey of context provisioning middleware. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 15(3), 1492–1519 (2013). doi:10.1109/SURV.2013.010413.00207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Krafzig, D., Banke, K., Slama, D.: Enterprise SOA: Service-Oriented Architecture Best Practices. The Coad Series. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, Indianapolis, IN (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Layher, G., Liebau, H., Niese, R., Al-Hamadi, A., Michaelis, B., Neumann, H.: Robust stereoscopic head pose estimation in human-computer interaction and a unified evaluation framework. In: Maino, G., Foresti, G. (eds.) Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6978, pp. 227–236. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24085-0_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Niese, R., Al-Hamadi, A., Panning, A., Michaelis, B.: Emotion recognition based on 2D-3D facial feature extraction from color image sequences. J. Multimed. 5(5), 488–500 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Panning, A., Al-Hamadi, A., Michaelis, B., Neumann, H.: Colored and anchored active shape models for tracking and form description of the facial features under image-specific disturbances. In: 2010 5th International Symposium on I/V Communications and Mobile Network (ISVC), pp. 1–4. IEEE, Piscataway (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Papazoglou, M.P., Traverso, P., Dustdar, S., Leymann, F.: Service-oriented computing: state of the art and research challenges. Computer 40(11), 38–45 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Reuter, S., Dietmayer, K.: Pedestrian tracking using random finite sets. In: 2011 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), pp. 1–8 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Rösner, D., Frommer, J., Friesen, R., Haase, M., Lange, J., Otto, M.: LAST MINUTE: a multimodal corpus of speech-based user-companion interactions. In: LREC, pp. 2559–2566 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Schaub, F.M.: Dynamic privacy adaptation in ubiquitous computing. Dissertation, Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schröder, M.: The SEMAINE API: towards a standards-based framework for building emotion-oriented systems. Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2010, 21 (2010). doi:10.1155/2010/319406

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sharma, R., Pavlovic, V., Huang, T.: Toward multimodal human-computer interface. Proc. IEEE 86(5), 853–869 (1998). doi:10.1109/5.664275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Siegert, I., Hartmann, K., Philippou-Hübner, D., Wendemuth, A.: Human behaviour in HCI: complex emotion detection through sparse speech features. In: Salah, A., Hung, H., Aran, O., Gunes, H. (eds.) Human Behavior Understanding, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8212, pp. 246–257. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02714-2_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre SFB/TRR 62 “Companion-Technology for Cognitive Technical Systems” which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The authors thank the following colleagues for their invaluable support (in alphabetical order): Pascal Bercher, Peter Kurzok, Andreas Meinecke, Bernd Schattenberg, and Felix Schüssel.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thilo Hörnle .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hörnle, T. et al. (2017). Companion-Systems: A Reference Architecture. In: Biundo, S., Wendemuth, A. (eds) Companion Technology. Cognitive Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43665-4_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43665-4_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43664-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43665-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics