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Multiple Brain Metastases

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Adult CNS Radiation Oncology

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Abstract

In the United States every year, estimates of cancer patients diagnosed with brain metastases range from just under 100,000 to nearly 200,000; they affect 20–40% of all patients with cancer within their lifetimes. Patients with a limited number of metastases are candidates for surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), with surgery preferred for larger, acutely symptomatic tumors. Patients with more numerous metastases can be treated with SRS or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), with the latter approach or supportive care preferred for patients with worse prognoses.

Prognostication systems developed to help guide management decisions in patients with brain metastases have identified important factors such as patient performance status, age, tumor histology, intracranial disease volume, and extracranial tumor control. In addition to local necrosis from SRS, neurocognitive decline is a more recently recognized adverse effect that may occur after SRS alone or after whole brain radiation has been employed. Two approaches have recently emerged to reduce these neurocognitive consequences in patients requiring irradiation of brain metastases, including dose sparing of the hippocampi and pharmacologically decreasing radiation-induced neuronal excitotoxicity.

Optimal brain metastasis management and the integration of focal treatments with a changing landscape of systemic management approaches present challenges for oncologists. Better knowledge and better tools facilitate better choices.

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Abbreviations

DRIVL:

Delayed radiation-induced vasculitic leukoencephalopathy

fSRS:

Fractionated SRS

KPS:

Karnofsky performance status

OSC:

Optimal supportive care

QALY:

Quality-adjusted life year

QOL:

Quality of life

SRS:

Stereotactic radiosurgery

WBRT:

Whole brain radiation therapy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Medicine, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY, USA

    Isabella Zhang

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Katsuta Hospital Mito GammaHouse, Hitachi-naka, Ibaraki, Japan

    Masaaki Yamamoto

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Jonathan P. S. Knisely

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  1. Isabella Zhang
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  2. Masaaki Yamamoto
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  3. Jonathan P. S. Knisely
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Correspondence to Jonathan P. S. Knisely .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Cancer Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Eric L. Chang

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Paul D. Brown

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Simon S. Lo

  4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Arjun Sahgal

  5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    John H. Suh

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Zhang, I., Yamamoto, M., Knisely, J.P.S. (2018). Multiple Brain Metastases. In: Chang, E., Brown, P., Lo, S., Sahgal, A., Suh, J. (eds) Adult CNS Radiation Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42878-9_32

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42878-9_32

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42877-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42878-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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