Skip to main content

Abstract

This chapter presents evidence from human clinical trials relating to “adaptogens,” that is, herbal treatments which have been found to be effective in facilitating optimal performance in times of stress, as well as addressing acute symptoms of anxiety. These treatments are most relevant for acute supplementation, although also can be used as chronic treatments.

  • Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

  • Roseroot (Rhodiolarosea)

  • Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)

  • Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)

  • Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Farrell AK, Simpson JA. Effects of relationship functioning on the biological experience of stress and physical health. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;13:49–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Burton L, Westen D, Kowalski R. Psychology. 3rd Australian and New Zealand ed. Milton: Wiley Australia; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Provino R. The role of adaptogens in stress management. Australian J Med Herbalism. 2010;22(2):41–9.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Panossian A, Wikman G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009;4(3):198–219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Darbinyan V et al. Rhodiolarosea in stress induced fatigue – a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine. 2000;7(5):365–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kulkarni SK, Dhir A. Withaniasomnifera: an Indian ginseng. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(5):1093–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Alramadhan E et al. Dietary and botanical anxiolytics. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(4):RA40–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withaniasomnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(4):334–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schliebs R et al. Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withaniasomnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and gabaergic markers in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 1997;30(2):181–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Matsuda H et al. Structures of withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of Indian Withaniasomnifera DUNAL. and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Bioorg Med Chem. 2001;9(6):1499–507.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kulkarni S et al. GABA receptor mediated anticonvulsant action of Withaniasomnifera root extract. Indian Drugs. 1993;30(7):305–12.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mehta A et al. Pharmacological effects of Withaniasomnifera root extract on GABAA receptor complex. Indian J Med Res. 1991;94:312–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withaniasomnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):547–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bhattacharya SK et al. Anti-stress activity of sitoindosides VII and VIII, new acylsterylglucosides from Withaniasomnifera. Phytother Res. 1987;1(1):32–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Archana R, Namasivayam A. Antistressor effect of Withaniasomnifera. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;64(1):91–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Dadkar VN, Ranadive N, Dhar H. Evaluation of antistress (adaptogen) activity of Withaniasomnifera (ashwagandha).Ind J Clin Bio Chem. 1987;2:101–8.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Grandhi A, Mujumdar AM, Patwardhan B. A comparative pharmacological investigation of Ashwagandha and Ginseng. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;44(3):131–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bhattacharya SK et al. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withaniasomnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. Phytomedicine. 2000;7(6):463–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pratte MA et al. An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic Herb Ashwagandha (Withaniasomnifera). J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(12):901–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Andrade C et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the anxiolytic efficacy ff an ethanolic extract of Withaniasomnifera. Indian JPsychiatry. 2000;42(3):295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Auddy B, Hazra PJ, Mitra PA. A standardized Withaniasomnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Am Nutraceutical Assoc. 2008;11:50–6.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cooley K et al. Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6628.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34(3):255–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. SudKhyati S, Anup BT. A randomized double blind placebo controlled study of ashwagandha on generalized anxiety disorder. IntAyurvedic Med J. 2013;1:1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jahanbakhsh SP et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of Withaniasomnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016;27:25–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kushwaha S, Betsy A, Chawla P. Effect of Ashwagandha (Withaniasomnifera) root powder supplementation in treatment of hypertension. Stud Ethno-Med. 2012;6(2):111–5.

    Google Scholar 

  27. TalbottSM,KraemerWJ.The cortisol connection: why stress makes you fat and ruins your health-and what you can do about it. Alameda, CA: Hunter House; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mell C. Dyes, tannins, perfumes, and medicines from Rhodiolarosea. Textile Colorist. 1938;60(715):483–4.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Panossian A, Wikman G, Sarris J. Rosenroot (Rhodiolarosea): traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):481–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Shevtsov VA et al. A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiolarosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(2-3):95–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ming DS et al. Bioactive compounds from Rhodiolarosea (Crassulaceae). Phytother Res. 2005;19(9):740–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Aksyonova R. The stimulating and adaptogenic effect of a purified Rhodiolarosea preparation–rhodosine. In: Stimulants of the central nervous system. Tomsk; 1966. p. 77–9.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Saratikov A. Golden root (Rhodiolarosea). Tomsk: Russia; 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sokolov SY et al. Studies of neurotropic activity of new agents isolated from Rodiola-rosea. Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. 1985;19(11):1367–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Petkov VD et al. Effects of alcohol aqueous extract from Rhodiolarosea L. roots on learning and memory. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 1986;12(1):3–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Norr H. Phytochemical and pharmacological Investigations of the Adaptogens: Eleutherococcussenticosus, Ocimum sanctum, Codonopsispilosula, Rhodiolarosea and Rhodiola crenulata. Û Ludwig Maximilians University. Û Muenchen; 1993. p. 228.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wagner H, Nörr H, Winterhoff H. Plant adaptogens. Phytomedicine. 1994;1(1):63–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Olsson EM, von Schéele B, Panossian AG. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiolarosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta Med. 2009;75(2):105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Van Diermen D et al. Monoamine oxidase inhibition by Rhodiolarosea L. roots. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;122(2):397–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Stancheva S, Mosharrof A. Effect of the extract of Rhodiola-rosea L on the content of the brain biogenic monoamines. Dokladi Na Bolgarskata Akademiya Na Naukite. 1987;40(6):85–7.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kelly GS. Rhodiolarosea: a possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):293–302.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Azizov AP, Seifulla RD. The effect of elton, leveton, phytoton, and adapton on the working capacity of experimental animals. Geogr Rev. 1998;88(3):63.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2005;19(10):819–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner JD. A pilot study of Rhodiolarosea (Rhodax®) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14(2):175–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Baek JH, Nierenberg AA, Kinrys G. Clinical applications of herbal medicines for anxiety and insomnia; targeting patients with bipolar disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014;48(8):705–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hellum BH et al. Potent in vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein by Rhodiolarosea. Planta Med. 2010;76(4):331–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Head KA, Kelly GS. Nutrients and botanicals for treatment of stress: adrenal fatigue, neurotransmitter imbalance, anxiety, and restless sleep. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14(2):114–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bradwejn J et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centellaasiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;20(6):680–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Wijeweera P et al. Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola – (Centellaasiatica) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(9–10):668–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological review on Centellaasiatica: a potential herbal cure-all. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(5):546–56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Grimaldi R et al. Pharmacokinetics of the total triterpenic fraction of Centellaasiatica after single and multiple administrations to healthy volunteers. A new assay for asiatic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;28(2):235–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Chen Y et al. Effects of total triterpenes of Centellaasiatica on the corticosterone levels in serum and contents of monoamine in depression rat brain. Zhong Yao Cai (Zhongyaocai, Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials). 2005;28(6):492–6.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Chatterjee TK et al. Effects of plant extract Centellaasiatica (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1992;30(10):889–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Awad R et al. Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;85(9):933–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ceremuga TE et al. Evaluation of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of asiatic acid, a compound from Gotu kola or Centellaasiatica, in the male Sprague Dawley rat. AANA J. 2015;83(2):91–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ramaswamy A, Periyasamy S, Basu N. Pharmacological studies on Centella asaitica Linn.(Brahma manduki)(no Umbelliferae). J Res Indian Med. 1970;4:160–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Chen SW et al. Anxiolytic-like effect of asiaticoside in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006;85(2):339–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ernst E. Herbal remedies for anxiety – a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(3):205–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Wattanathorn J et al. Positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of Centellaasiatica. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2):325–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Carlson JJ et al. Safety and efficacy of a ginkgo biloba-containing dietary supplement on cognitive function, quality of life, and platelet function in healthy, cognitively intact older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(3):422–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Jana U et al. A clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety disorder with Centellaasiatica. Nepal Med CollJournal (NMCJ). 2010;12(1):8–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Jorge OA, Jorge AD. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centellaasiatica. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2005;97(2):115–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Turton S. Centellaasiatica. Australian J Herbal Med. 1993;5(3):57–61.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wielgorskaya T, Takhtadzhi͡an AL. Dictionary of generic names of seed plants. New York: Columbia University Press; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Davydov M, Krikorian AD. Eleutherococcussenticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72(3):345–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Takeshi D, Sansei N, Yoshihisa N. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001;22:1057–70.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Oates L. Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcussenticosus. J Complement Med. 2008;7(4):44–7 , +67.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Pawar VS, Shivakumar H. A current status of adaptogens: natural remedy to stress. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012;2(Suppl1):S480–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Mills S, Bone K. Principles and practice of phytotherapy. London: Churchill livigstone; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Panossian A et al. Adaptogens exert a stress-protective effect by modulation of expression of molecular chaperones. Phytomedicine. 2009;16(6):617–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. FarnsworthNet al. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcussenticosus): current status as an adaptogen.In: Wagner H, Hikino H, Farnsworth NR, editors. Economic and medicinal plant research, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Grigorenko G,Berdishev V. The use of tonic drinks and drugs increasing working capacity of sailors during night shifts. In Abstract Book of the Scientific Practical Conference on Medical and Social Aspects of the “Man-Ocean” Problem ,Vladivostok, Russia; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Berdyshev V. Some specific effects of single doses of adaptogens. Valeology: diagnosis, means and practice in health care. IntCollection SciPapers. 1995;2:105–17.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Facchinetti F, Neri I, Tarabusi M. Eleutherococcussenticosus reduces cardiovascular stress response in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Stress Health. 2002;18(1):11–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Hartz A et al. Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychol Med. 2004;34(01):51–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Schaffler K, Wolf OT, Burkart M. No benefit adding Eleutherococcussenticosus to stress management training in stress-related fatigue/weakness, impaired work or concentration, a randomized controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2013;46(5):181–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Hung TM et al. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of lignans isolated fromSchizandra chinensis. Arch Pharm Res. 2007;30(6):685–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Panossian A, Wikman G. Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress—protective activity. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(1):188–224.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Szopa A, Ekiert R, Ekiert H. Current knowledge of Schisandra Chinensis. Phytochemsitry reviews. 2016:1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Bone K. A clinical guide to blending liquid herbs: herbal formulations for the individual patient. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Zhang C et al. Pharmacological evaluation of sedative and hypnotic effects of schizandrin through the modification of pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;744:157–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Chen Y et al. An immunostimulatory polysaccharide (SCP-IIa) from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012;50(3):844–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Zhao T et al. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;55:609–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Lupandin A et al. On the adaptogenic effect of Schizandra and other adaptogens.In Brekhman II, Fruentov NK, editors. Syktyvkar: acute and chronic stress. VL Komarov’s Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science; 1986. p. 86–90.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Lupandin A, Ovsyanikova V. Increasing resistance to unfavourable factors under the effect of Schizandrachinensis extract. In: Brekhman II editor. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation. Russia: Ivanovo State University; 1986. p. 92–7.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Lupandin A. The role of catecholaminergic synapses in the mechanisms of the formation of adaptation with the participation of polyphenol adaptogens. Fiziologicheskii zhurnal SSSR imeni IM Sechenova. 1989;75(8):1082–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Barnaulov OD, Shanin SN. Stress-limiting effect of phytopreparations: endocrine system and detrimental environmental factors. In: Abstracts of the Fourth All-Union Conference, November 1991. Ministry of Health of USSR, Moscow, p. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Panossian A, Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;118(2):183–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Chen W-W et al. Pharmacological studies on the anxiolytic effect of standardized Schisandra lignans extract on restraint-stressed mice. Phytomedicine. 2011;18(13):1144–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kim SR et al. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis protect primary cultures of rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2004;76(3):397–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. You JS, Pan TL, Hou YC. Schisandra chinensis protects against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Chang Gung Med J. 2006;29(1):63–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Xia N et al. Schisandra chinensis and Rhodiolarosea exert an anti-stress effect on the HPA axis and reduce hypothalamic c-Fos expression in rats subjected to repeated stress. Exp Ther Med. 2016;11(1):353–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Wu YY et al. Effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit on ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats. Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(10):1935–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lebedev A. Comparative evaluation of the stimulating effect of various Schizandra products. In Materials for the study of stimulants and tonics from Ginseng and Schizandra roots. Issue 1. Vladivostok: Komarovs’ Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science. 1951. p. 103–8.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Lebedev A. Some materials on the pharmacology of schizandrin. Issue 1. Vladivostok: Komarovs’ Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science. 1951. p. 109–17.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Lebedev A. Schizandrin—a new stimulant from Schizandrachinensis fruits. Summary of Thesis for a Candidate’s Degree in Medicine, Tashkent; 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Kochmareva L. The effect of Schizandrachinensis and Ginseng on processes of concentration. In: Lazarev (ed.). Materials for the study of Ginseng and Leningrad: V. L. Komarov’s Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science. 1958. p. 12–17.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Gubchenko P, Fruentov N. A comparative study of stimulating effect of adaptogenic agents prepared from some far-eastern plants. New data on Eleutherococcus and other adaptogens. Vladivostok: USSR Academy of Science, Far East Science Center, Institute of Marin Biology; 1981. p. 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Gubchenko P, Fruentov N. Comparative study of the effectiveness of Eleutherococcus and other plant adaptogens as remedies for increasing the work capacity of flight personnel. In Newdata on Eleutherococcus: proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Eleutherococcus (Moscow, 1984). Vladivostok: Far East Academy of Science of the USSR; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Panossian AG et al. Effects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human saliva. Phytomedicine. 1999;6(1):17–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Kormosh N, Laktionov K, Antoshechkina M. Effect of a combination of extract from several plants on cell-mediated and humoral immunity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Phytother Res. 2006;20(5):424–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Bogatova RI et al. Evaluation of the effect of a single dose of phytoadaptogen on human's working ability during long-term isolation. Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina(Aerospace and Environmental Medicine). 1997;31(4):51–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Bogatova R, Malozemov V. Experimental research on estimation of influence of single dose of phytoadaptogens on short memory. The report on Moscow: Institute of Medical and Biological Problems (IMBP). 1994. p. 1–151.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Aslanyan G et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study of single dose effects of ADAPT-232 on cognitive functions. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(7):494–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Narimanian M et al. Impact of Chisan® (ADAPT-232) on the quality-of-life and its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute non-specific pneumonia. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(10):723–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Roslyakova N et al. The effect of single dose of Rodelim phytoadaptogen on the performance of operators under intensive activity. In Abstract book of scientific conference biologically active food supplements and natural medicines in prophylaxis, treatment and rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naomi L. Perry .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Perry, N.L., Camfield, D.A. (2017). Adaptogens. In: Camfield, D., McIntyre, E., Sarris, J. (eds) Evidence-Based Herbal and Nutritional Treatments for Anxiety in Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42307-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42307-4_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42305-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42307-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics