Abstract
The allies wanted direct representation at Beijing since dealing with provincial officials invariably led to prevarication and delay. Elgin and Gros brushed aside Chinese defences at the mouth of the Haihe River, sailed upstream to Tianjin and negotiated the 1858 treaty. London and Paris sent two more junior figures to manage details, but a new attempt to sail upriver to Tianjin was repulsed, with great losses. Elgin and Gros would have to come to China and try again.
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Gelber, H. (2016). Tianjin. In: Battle for Beijing, 1858–1860. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30584-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30584-4_4
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Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30583-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30584-4
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