Abstract
The spatial distribution of proteins within the cell affects their capability to interact with other molecules and directly influences cellular processes and signaling. At the plasma membrane, multiple factors drive protein compartmentalization into specialized functional domains, leading to the formation of clusters in which intermolecule interactions are facilitated. Therefore, quantifying protein distributions is a necessity for understanding their regulation and function. The recent advent of super-resolution microscopy has opened up the possibility of imaging protein distributions at the nanometer scale. In parallel, new spatial analysis methods have been developed to quantify distribution patterns in super-resolution images. In this chapter, we provide an overview of super-resolution microscopy and summarize the factors influencing protein arrangements on the plasma membrane. Finally, we highlight methods for analyzing clusterization of plasma membrane proteins, including examples of their applications.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Susana Rocha and Dr. Vinoy Vijayan for their fruitful discussion and Dr. Donna Stolz for the silica particles to isolate plasma membranes. This work is financially supported by VIB, VIB Bio Imaging Core facility, the Hercules Foundation for heavy infrastructure (Hercules AKUL058/HER/08/021, AKUL/09/037, and AKUL13/39 (ISPAMM)), KU Leuven (IDO/12/020), the federal government (IAP P7/16), and SAO-FRA (S#14017). SM was supported by a grant from KU Leuven (CREA/12/22).
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Paparelli, L., Corthout, N., Pavie, B., Annaert, W., Munck, S. (2016). Analyzing Protein Clusters on the Plasma Membrane: Application of Spatial Statistical Analysis Methods on Super-Resolution Microscopy Images. In: De Vos, W., Munck, S., Timmermans, JP. (eds) Focus on Bio-Image Informatics. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 219. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28549-8_4
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