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Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Association with Carcinogenesis: A Truth or a Myth?

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) possess the capacity to damage DNA (both nuclear and mitochondrial) and other cellular macromolecules, resulting in various outcomes for the cell such as loss of function and stability, mutation, senescence (mainly due to telomeric shortening) and/or cell death, unless removed rapidly by antioxidative mechanisms evolved by the cell. Over the last decade, great emphasis has been put on the potential role(s) and association of oxidative stress with ageing and certain diseases including cancer, and the idea of using several oxidatively generated DNA lesions as novel biomarkers of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to cancer gains more ground. The present chapter focuses on the description of genotoxic forms of oxygen, types of resulting oxidative DNA damage and their usage as potential biomarkers in several diseases including cancer.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funds provided to Dr. Georgakilas by an EU grant MC-CIG-303514, European Union (European Social Fund –ESF), COST Action CM1201 ‘Biomimetic Radical Chemistry’and the European Union (European Social Fund –ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learnin” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: THALES Grant number MIS 379346.

Drs Hatzi, Pantelias and Terzoudi have been supported by the European Union (European Social Fund - ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALIS - UOA- ‘Analysis of genotoxic resistance mechanisms of breast cancer stem cells: applications in prognosis, diagnosis & treatment’, MIS: 377177. Ms. Laskaratou has been supported by the project “Scholarships programmes by the State Scholarships Foundation (SSF/IKY)” in the framework of the Operational Programme “Education and Lifelong Learning” resources, European Social Fund (ESF) of the National Strategic Reference Framework (2007–2013).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Radiation Protection Laboratory, Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece

      Vasiliki I. Hatzi, Gabriel E. Pantelias & Georgia I. Terzoudi

    2. Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece

      Danae A. Laskaratou, Ifigeneia V. Mavragani & Alexandros G. Georgakilas

    Authors
    1. Vasiliki I. Hatzi
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    2. Danae A. Laskaratou
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    3. Ifigeneia V. Mavragani
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    4. Gabriel E. Pantelias
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    5. Georgia I. Terzoudi
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    6. Alexandros G. Georgakilas
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    Correspondence to Alexandros G. Georgakilas .

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    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

      Stephen M. Roberts

    2. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

      James P. Kehrer

    3. Department of Nutrigenomics, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Thüringen, Germany

      Lars-Oliver Klotz

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    Hatzi, V.I., Laskaratou, D.A., Mavragani, I.V., Pantelias, G.E., Terzoudi, G.I., Georgakilas, A.G. (2015). Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Association with Carcinogenesis: A Truth or a Myth?. In: Roberts, S., Kehrer, J., Klotz, LO. (eds) Studies on Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19096-9_6

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