Abstract
The vicinity of urban activity and industry (petrochemistry) around the Berre lagoon (southeast of France) has induced the degradation of its ecosystem, characterized by a permanent eutrophic state. In particular, a power plant has discharged substantial inputs of enriched freshwater in the lagoon since 1966. Due to these high nutrient inputs and also to regeneration rates, several species of phytoplankton regularly bloom in the lagoon at spring, summer, or autumn. Peaks of phytoplanktonic biomass (>150 μg Chla/dm3) are generally followed by intense heterotrophic activities leading to O2 consumption with hypoxic or anoxic episodes. The study of phytoplankton dynamics is thus of primary importance.
Within the framework of an ecological survey, an automated platform of in situ instruments was set up in a laboratory located on the “Berre l’Etang” harbor to assess biological and hydrological features of the lagoon at short time scale during October 2011. The phytoplanktonic community was characterized by a Cytosense autonomous flow cytometer (Cytobuoy, Netherlands) operating at high frequency (hourly sampling) in order to detect sudden changes of species compositions and abundances. In parallel, hydrological sensors have measured several physicochemical variables of the water directly pumped from the lagoon (1.5 m depth) to the field laboratory.
In October 2011, among the various phytoplanktonic species optically resolved by the Cytosense, the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea has been detected. It is known for causing fish and seabird death when its abundance is high and for having a potential toxicity on human consumed shellfish. On October 6, nutrient concentration combined with a weak hydrodynamic state triggered a large development of this species. Concentration reached up to 450 cells/cm3, leading to a fast increase in chlorophyll concentration (>20 μg Chla/dm3). However, these dinoflagellates were quickly affected after a sudden wind (mistral, 330°–360°) event with mean speed exceeding 20 m/s: on October 7, 2011, A. sanguinea abundance dropped down below 20 cells/cm3.
These results, out of reach of more conventional methods with manual sampling, underline the power of in situ automated monitoring to follow in near real time the dynamics of phytoplankton in general and also to target some particular species of interest such as harmful algae.
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Dugenne, M., Thyssen, M., Garcia, N., Mayot, N., Bernard, G., Grégori, G. (2015). Monitoring of a Potential Harmful Algal Species in the Berre Lagoon by Automated In Situ Flow Cytometry. In: Ceccaldi, HJ., Hénocque, Y., Koike, Y., Komatsu, T., Stora, G., Tusseau-Vuillemin, MH. (eds) Marine Productivity: Perturbations and Resilience of Socio-ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13878-7_13
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