Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Irreversible and Reversible Redox Reactions: Water Window

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Stimulation and Recording Electrodes for Neural Prostheses

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering ((BRIEFSELECTRIC,volume 78))

  • 1231 Accesses

Abstract

As mentioned above, capacitive charging cannot deliver enough current if current density exceeds certain limits. The potential difference between the active (working) and the counter electrodes (used to close the electrical circuit) must remain low enough so that (almost) no redox reactions occur, if only capacitive charge injection is to follow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For details on this please refer to the corresponding application notes on www.gamry.com.

  2. 2.

    In contrast to electrochemistry where pH = 0 at standard conditions, in biochemistry pH = 7 holds.

  3. 3.

    One liter of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) contains 8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4, 0.24 g KH2PO4. HCl is used to adjust the pH to 7.4 [1].

References

  1. (August 2010) http://protocolsonline.com/

  2. Bellanger G, Rameau JJ (1995) Corrosion of titanium nitride deposits on AISI 630 stainless steel used in radioactive water with and without chloride at pH 11. Electrochimica Acta 40(15):2519–2532, DOI 10.1016/0013-4686(94)00326-V, URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001346869400326V

  3. Chow AY, Pardue MT, Chow VY, Peyman GA, Liang C, Perlman JI, Peachey NS (2001) Implantation of silicon chip microphotodiode arrays into the cat subretinal space. Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 9(1):86–95, DOI 10.1109/7333.918281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cogan SF (2008) Neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Tech. rep., EIC Laboratories

    Google Scholar 

  5. Janders M, Egert U, Stelzle M, Nisch W (1996) Novel thin film titanium nitride micro-electrodes with excellent charge transfer capability for cell stimulation and sensing applications. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1996. Bridging Disciplines for Biomedicine. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, vol 1, pp 245–247 vol. 1, DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656936

  6. Lavrenko VA, Shvets VA, Makarenko GN (2001) Comparative study of the chemical resistance of titanium nitride and stainless steel in media of the oral cavity. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 40:630–636, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015296323497, 10.1023/A:1015296323497

  7. Rose TL, Robblee LS (1990) Electrical stimulation with Pt electrodes. VIII. Electrochemically safe charge injection limits with 0.2 ms pulses (neuronal application). Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 37(11):1118–1120, DOI 10.1109/10.61038

  8. Stieglitz T (2004) Materials for stimulation and recording. Tech. rep., Neural Prosthetics Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering

    Google Scholar 

  9. Terasawa Y, Tashiro H, Uehara A, Saitoh T, Ozawa M, Tokuda T, Ohta J (2006) The development of a multichannel electrode array for retinal prostheses. Journal of Artificial Organs 9:263–266, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-006-0352-1, 10.1007/s10047-006-0352-1

  10. Weiland JD, Anderson DJ, Humayun MS (2002) In vitro electrical properties for iridium oxide versus titanium nitride stimulating electrodes. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 49(12):1574–1579, DOI 10.1109/TBME.2002.805487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhou DM, Greenberg RJ (2003) Electrochemical characterization of titanium nitride microelectrode arrays for charge-injection applications. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2003. Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, vol 2, pp 1964–1967 Vol. 2, DOI 10.1109/IEMBS.2003.1279831

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microelectronics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Naser Pour Aryan, Hans Kaim & Albrecht Rothermel

Authors
  1. Naser Pour Aryan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hans Kaim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Albrecht Rothermel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Aryan, N.P., Kaim, H., Rothermel, A. (2015). Irreversible and Reversible Redox Reactions: Water Window. In: Stimulation and Recording Electrodes for Neural Prostheses. SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol 78. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10052-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10052-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10051-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10052-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation