Abstract
In this chapter, the operability of gas turbine combustors under fuel-flexible and oxidizer-flexible combustion conditions is evaluated based on experimental and numerical investigations, and the results are compared with those of non-flexible gas turbine combustors. Stability and combustion characteristics of the different flames in premixed combustors considering different fuels with/without hydrogen enrichment and under air or oxygen combustion conditions are discussed. Several combustion techniques have been proposed, reviewed, and evaluated aiming at decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions, primarily CO2. Among these techniques, oxy-fuel combustion stands out as a promising carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology that can be implemented in new power plants and with little hardware retrofitting in the existing systems. However, fuel combustion in pure oxygen environment results in high combustion temperature, which may not be suitable for safe operation of gas turbine blades. Premixing the reactants in an environment of recirculated CO2 under premixed oxy-combustion condition can control the combustion temperature for safe operation of the turbine blades while controlling the emissions. The main target of gas turbine manufacturers is to design versatile environmental-friendly gas turbine combustors that can handle different fuel and oxidizer compositions. This chapter evaluates the operability of gas turbine combustors of novel burner designs capable of handling different fuels and oxidizer compositions for the sake of better performance at the minimum emissions levels. This chapter investigates the stability and combustion features of C3H8/O2/CO2 flames in a model dry low emissions (DLE) gas turbine burner adopting lean premixed (LPM) oxy-fuel combustion technology. Relationship between the flame speed (FS) and the adiabatic flame temperature (Tad) is premeditated for better analyzing and predicting the flame behavior. The stability of the flame is characterized by its blowout and flashback limits over ranges of equivalence (ϕ) ratio and oxygen fraction (OF: volumetric concentration of O2 in the O2/CO2 oxidizer mixture). Flame shapes at different sets of conditions are investigated. The effects of fuel type and hydrogen-enrichment are investigated based on experimental and numerical investigations considering C3H8/O2/CO2 and CH4/H2/O2/CO2 flames operated on the same gas turbine model combustor. In addition, results out of three-dimensional (3-D) transient large eddy simulations (LES) are presented considering premixed C3H8/O2/CO2 and CH4/H2/O2/CO2 flames under various combinations of ϕ and OF to have more insight on flow, combustion, and emission characteristics. The temperature and species concentration distributions, flow field, and flame structure are also presented and discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Priddle R (1998) IEA world energy outlook. IEA, Paris, France
Li H, Yan J, Yan J, Anheden M (2009) Impurity impacts on the purification process in oxyfuel combustion based CO2 capture and storage system. Appl Energy 86(2):202–213
Kang Y, Wei S, Zhang P, Lu X, Wang Q, Gou X, Huang X, Peng S, Yang D, Ji X (2017) Energy 119:1195–1211
Xie Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Gong J, Jin W, Huang Z (2013) Experimental and numerical study on laminar flame characteristics of methane oxy-fuel mixtures highly diluted with CO2. Energy Fuels 27:6231–6237. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401220h
Oh J, Noh D (2012) Laminar burning velocity of oxy-methane flames in atmospheric condition. Energy 45(1):669–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.07.027
Konnov AA, Dyakov IV (2004) Measurement of propagation speeds in adiabatic flat and cellular premixed flames of C2H6 + O2 + CO2. Combust Flame 136:371–376
Konnov AA, Dyakov IV (2007) Experimental study of adiabatic cellular premixed flames of methane (ethane, propane) + oxygen + carbon dioxide mixtures. Combust Sci Technol 179(4):747–765
Abubakar Z, Shakeel MR, Mokheimer EMA (2018) Experimental and numerical analysis of non-premixed oxycombustion of hydrogen-enriched propane in a swirl stabilized combustor. Energy 165:1401–1414
Abubakar Z, Sanusi SY, Mokheimer EMA (2017) Stability of propane-air and oxyfuel diffusion flames in a swirlstabilized combustor; an experimental study. Energy Procedia
Konnov AA, Meuwissen RJ, De Goey LPH (2011) The temperature dependence of the laminar burning velocity of ethanol flames. Proc Combust Inst 33(1):1011–1019
Gu X, Huang Z, Wu S, Li Q (2010) Laminar burning velocities and flame instabilities of butanol isomers-air mixtures. Combust Flame 157(12):2318–2325
Van Lipzig JPJ, Nilsson EJK, De Goey LPH, Konnov AA (2011) Laminar burning velocities of n-heptane, iso-octane, ethanol and their binary and tertiary mixtures. Fuel 90(8):2773–2781
Vagelopoulos CM, Egolfopoulos FN (1998) Direct experimental determination of laminar flame speeds. Symp (Int) Combust 27(1):513–519
Tseng LK, Ismail MA, Faeth GM (1993) Laminar burning velocities and Markstein numbers of hydrocarbon/air flames. Combust Flame 95(4):410–426
Toporov D, Bocian P, Heil P, Kellermann A, Stadler H, Tschunko S et al (2008) Detailed investigation of a pulverized fuel swirl flame in CO2/O2 atmosphere. Combust Flame 155(4):605–618
Kaskan WE (1957) The dependence of flame temperature on mass burning velocity. Symp Combust 6(1):134–143
van Maaren A, Thung DS, de Goey LRH (1994) Measurement of flame temperature and adiabatic burning velocity of methane/air mixtures. Combust Sci Technol 96(4–6):327–344
Liao SY (2007) Determination of the laminar burning velocities for mixtures of ethanol and air at elevated temperatures. Appl Therm Eng 27:374–380
Metghalchi M, Keck JC (1980) Laminar burning velocity of propane-air mixtures at high temperature and pressure. Combust Flame 38:143–154
Yi B, Zhang L, Huang F, Mao Z, Zheng C (2014) Effect of H2O on the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal in O2/ CO2 atmosphere. Appl Energy 132:349–357
Galmiche B, Halter F, Foucher F, Dagaut P (2011) Effects of dilution on laminar burning velocity of premixed methane/air flames, pp. 948–954
Kim HK, Kim Y, Lee SM, Ahn KY (2007) NO reduction in 0.03–0.2 MW oxy-fuel combustor using flue gas recirculation technology. Proc Combust Inst 31(x):3377–3384
Habib MA, Badr HM, Ahmed SF, Ben-Mansour R, Mezghani K, Imashuku S, la O’ GJ, Shao-Horn Y, Mancini ND, Mitsos A ()A review of recent developments in carbon capture utilizing oxy-fuel combustion in conventional and ion transport
Liu CY, Chen G, Sipöcz N, Assadi M, Bai XS (2012) Characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion in gas turbines. Appl Energy 89(1):387–394
Heil P, Toporov D, Stadler H, Tschunko S, Förster M, Kneer R (2009) Development of an oxycoal swirl burner operating at low O2 concentrations. Fuel 88(7):1269–1274
Glarborg P, Bentzen LLB (2008) Chemical effects of a gigh CO2 concentration in oxy-fuel combustion of methane. Energy Fuels 22(1):291–296
Wang J, Huang Z, Tang C, Miao H, Wang X (2009) Numerical study of the effect of hydrogen addition on methane-air mixtures combustion. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(2):1084–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.010
Shy SS, Chen YC, Yang CH, Liu CC, Huang CM (2008) Effects of H2 or CO2 addition, equivalence ratio, and turbulent straining on turbulent burning velocities for lean premixed methane combustion. Combust Flame 153:510–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.014
Boushaki T, Dhué Y, Selle L, Ferret B, Poinsot T (2012) Effects of hydrogen and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methane-air premixed flame: Experimental and numerical analysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37(11):9412–9422
Guo H, Smallwood GJ, Liu F, Ju Y, Gülder ÖL (2005) The effect of hydrogen addition on flammability limit and NOx emission in ultra-lean counterflow CH4/air premixed flames. Proc Combust Inst 30(1):303–310
Tuncer O (2013) The effect of hydrogen enrichment of methane fuel on flame stability and emissions. In: International conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) 2013, pp 103 − 108
Kim HS, Arghode VK, Gupta AK (2009) Flame characteristics of hydrogen-enriched methane-air premixed swirling flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(2):1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.035
Schefer RW (2002) Reduced turbine emissions using hydrogen-enriched fuels. In: Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review 2002, pp 1–16
Yu G, Law CK, Wu CK (1986) Laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon þ air mixtures with hydrogen addition. Combust Flame 63(3):339–347
Gauducheau JL, Denet B, Searby G (1998) A numerical study of lean CH4/H2/air premixed flames at high pressure. Combust Sci Technol 137(1–6):81–99
Aliyu Mansur, Nemitallah MA, Said Syed A, Habib Mohamed A (2016) Characteristics of H2-enriched CH4–O2 diffusion flames in a swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustor: experimental and numerical study. Internation Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41:2041
Imteyaz BA, Nemitallah MA, Abdelhafez AA, Habib MA (2018) Combustion behavior and stability map of hydrogen-enriched oxy-methane premixed flames in a model gas turbine combustor. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43
Crocco L (1969) Symp Combust [Proc.] 12(1):85–99
Annaswamy M, Ghoniem F (2002) Control Syst IEEE 22(6):37–54
Lieuwen T, Torres H, Johnson C, Zinn BT (2001) J Eng Gas Turbines Power 123:182–189
Khare SP, Wall TF, Farida AZ, Liu Y, Moghtaderi B, Gupta RP (2008) Factors influencing the ignition of flames from air-fired swirl pf burners retrofitted to oxy-fuel. Fuel 87(7):1042–1049
Taamallah S, Chakroun NW, Watanabe H, Shanbhogue SJ, Ghoniem AF (2017) On the characteristic flow and flame times for scaling oxy and air flame stabilization modes in premixed swirl combustion. Proc Combust Inst 36(3):3799–3807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.022
Shroll AP, Shanbhogue SJ, Ghoniem AF (2012) Dynamic-stability characteristics of premixed methane oxy-combustion. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 134(5):51504
Tang C, Huang Z, Jin C, He J, Wang J, Wang X et al (2008) Laminar burning velocities and combustion characteristics of propane–hydrogen–air premixed flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33(18):4906–4914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.06.063
Ishizuka S, Law CK (1982) An experimental study on extinction and stability of stretched premixed flames. In: Symposium (International) on combustion. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Kutne P, Kapadia BK, Meier W, Aigner M (2011) Experimental analysis of the combustion behaviour of oxyfuel flames in a gas turbine model combustor. Proc Combust Inst 33(2):3383–3390
Song Y, Zou C, He Y, Zheng C (2015) The chemical mechanism of the effect of CO2 on the temperature in methane oxy-fuel combustion. Int J Heat Mass Transf 86:622–628
Saygin D, Kempener R, Wagner N, Ayuso M, Gielen D (2015)The implications for renewable energy innovation of doubling the share of renewables in the global energy mix between 2010 and 2030. Energies 8:5828–5865. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8065828
Deprez A, Colombier M, Iddri TS (2015) Transparency and the Paris Agreement : driving ambitious action in the new climate regime 2015
Wall T, Gupta R, Buhre B, Khare S (2005) Oxy-fuel (O2/CO2, O2/RFG) technology for sequestration-ready CO2 and emission compliance. In: 30th International technical conference on coal utilization and fuel systems, Cleanwater, USA
Al-Abbas AH, Naser J, Dodds D (2011) CFD modelling of air-fired and oxy-fuel combustion of lignite in a 100 KW furnace. Fuel 90:1778–1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.014
Nemitallah MA, Habib MA, Badr HM, Said SA, Jamal A, Ben-Mansour R et al (2017) Oxy-fuel combustion technology: current status, applications, and trends. Int J Energy Res. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3722
Nozaki T, Takano S, Kiga T (1997) Analysis of the flame formed during oxidation of pulverized coal by an O2-CO2 mixture. Energy 22:199–205
Chen L, Yong SZ, Ghoniem AF (2012) Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal: Characterization, fundamentals, stabilization and CFD modeling. Prog Energy Combust Sci 38:156–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2011.09.003
Zhang N, Lior N (2008) Two novel oxy-fuel power cycles integrated with natural gas reforming and CO2 capture. Energy 33:340–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.09.006
Habib MA, Nemitallah MA, Ben-Mansour R (2013) Recent development in oxy-combustion technology and its applications to gas turbine combustors and ITM reactors. Energy Fuels 27:2–19. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef301266j
Amato A, Hudak B, D’Carlo P, Noble D, Scarborough D, Seitzman J et al (2011) Methane oxycombustion for low CO2 cycles: blowoff measurements and analysis. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 133. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002296
Shroll AP, Shanbhogue SJ, Ghoniem AF (2012) Dynamics and stability limits of syngas combustion in a swirl-stabilized combustor. ASME J Eng Gas Turbines Power 5:51504
Watanabe H, Shanbhogue SJ, Ghoniem AF. Impact of equivalence ratio on the macrostructure of premixed swirling CH4/air and CH4/O2/CO2 flames. Vol 4B Combust Fuels Emiss V04BT04A014. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43224 (ASME; 2015)
Ditaranto M, Anantharaman R, Weydahl T (2013) Performance and NOx emissions of refinery fired heaters retrofitted to hydrogen combustion. Energy Procedia 37:7214–7220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.659
Riahi Z, Bounaouara H, Hraiech I, Ali Mergheni M, Sautet J-C, Ben Nasrallah S (2017) Combustion with mixed enrichment of oxygen and hydrogen in lean regime. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.232
Rezgui Y, Guemini M (2017) Effect of hydrogen addition on equimolar dimethyl ether/iso-octane/oxygen/argon premixed flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:29557–29573. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2017.10.063
Shi B, Hu J, Ishizuka S (2015) Carbon dioxide diluted methane/oxygen combustion in a rapidly mixed tubular flame burner. Combust Flame 162:420–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.022
Shi B, Zhu Z, Wang N, Lu P (2015) An Experimental study on oxy-fuel combustion of methane under various oxygen mole fractions. In: 8th international symposium on coal combustion
Konnov AA, Dyakov IV (2005) Measurement of propagation speeds in adiabatic cellular premixed flames of CH4 + O2 + CO2. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 29:901–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2005.01.005
Coppens FHV, Konnov AA (2008) The effects of enrichment by H2 on propagation speeds in adiabatic flat and cellular premixed flames of CH4 + O2 + CO2. Fuel 87:2866–2870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.009
Li J, Huang H, Kobayashi N, He Z, Nagai Y (2014) Study on using hydrogen and ammonia as fuels: combustion characteristics and NOx formation. Int J Energy Res 38:1214–1223. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3141
Mokheimer EMA, Sanusi YS, Habib MA (2016) Numerical study of hydrogen-enriched methane-air combustion under ultra-lean conditions. Int J Energy Res 40:743–762. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3477
İlbaş M, Yılmaz İ (2012) Experimental analysis of the effects of hydrogen addition on methane combustion. Int J Energy Res 36:643–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1822
Abdelhafez AA, Rashwan SS, Nemitallah MA, Habib MA (2018) Stability map and shape of premixed CH4/O2/CO2 flames in a model gas-turbine combustor. Appl Energy 215:63–74
Mazas A, Lacoste D, Fiorina B, Schuller T (2009) Effects of water vapor addition on the laminar burning velocity of methane oxygen-enhanced flames at atmospheric pressure. In: Proceedings of European Combustion Meeting, pp 1–6
Li YH, Chen GB, Lin Y-C, Wu F-H, Chao YC (2013) Effects of flue gas addition on the premixed oxy-methane flames. In: 24th international colloquium on the dynamics of explosions and reactive systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.623
Jourdaine P, Mirat C, Beaunier J, Joumani Y, Schuller T (2015) A comparison of the structure of N2 and CO2 diluted CH4/O2 premixed flames in a swirled combustor. In: Proceedings of European Combustion Meeting
Jourdaine P, Mirat C, Caudal J, Lo A, Schuller T (2016) A comparison between the stabilization of premixed swirling CO2-diluted methane oxy-flames and methane/air flames. Fuel. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.017
Marsh R, Runyon J, Giles A, Morris S, Pugh D, Valera-Medina A et al (2016) Premixed methane oxycombustion in nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres: measurement of operating limits, flame location and emissions. In: Proceedings of Combustion Institute, vol 0. Elsevier, Amsterdam. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.057
Taamallah S, Shanbhogue SJ, Ghoniem AF (2016) Turbulent flame stabilization modes in premixed swirl combustion: physical mechanism and Karlovitz number-based criterion. Combust Flame 166:19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.12.007
Halter F, Chauveau C, Gökalp I (2007) Characterization of the effects of hydrogen addition in premixed methane/air flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 32:2585–2592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.11.033
Cozzi F, Coghe A (2006) Behavior of hydrogen-enriched non-premixed swirled natural gas flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 31:669–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.05.013
Tahtouh T, Halter F, Samson E, Mounaïm-Rousselle C (2009) Effects of hydrogen addition and nitrogen dilution on the laminar flame characteristics of premixed methane-air flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34:8329–8338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.07.071
Hu E, Huang Z, He J, Jin C, Zheng J (2009) Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning characteristics of premixed methane–hydrogen–air flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34:4876–4888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.058
Schefer RW (2003) Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability. Int J Hydrogen Energy 28:1131–1141
Di Sarli V, Di Benedetto A (2007) Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen–methane/air premixed flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 32:637–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.05.016
Aliyu M, Nemitallah MA, Said SA, Habib MA (2016) Characteristics of H2-enriched CH4-O2 diffusion flames in a swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustor: experimental and numerical study. Int J Hydrogen Energy 41:20418–20432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.144
Gersen S, Anikin NB, Mokhov AV, Levinsky HB (2008) Ignition properties of methane/hydrogen mixtures in a rapid compression machine. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33:1957–1964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.017
Gülder ÖL, Snelling DR, Sawchuk RA (1996) Influence of hydrogen addition to fuel on temperature field and soot formation in diffusion flames. Symp Combust 26:2351–2358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80064-6
Pandey P, Pundir BP, Panigrahi PK (2007) Hydrogen addition to acetylene-air laminar diffusion flames: studies on soot formation under different flow arrangements. Combust Flame 148:249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.004
Kumar P, Mishra DP (2008) Experimental investigation of laminar LPG-H2 jet diffusion flame. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33:225–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.09.023
Park SH, Lee KM, Hwang CH (2011) Effects of hydrogen addition on soot formation and oxidation in laminar premixed C2H2/air flames. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36:9304–9311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.031
Choudhuri AR, Gollahalli SR (2000) Combustion characteristics of hydrogen-hydrocarbon hybrid fuels. Int J Hydrogen Energy 25:451–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(99)00027-0
Nemitallah MA, Habib MA (2013) Experimental and numerical investigations of an atmospheric diffusion oxy-combustion flame in a gas turbine model combustor. Appl Energy 111:401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.027
Vascellari M, Cau G (2009) Numerical simulation of pulverized coal oxy-combustion with exhaust gas recirculation. In: Proceeding CCT2009 Fourth International Conference on Clean Coal Technologies, Dresden, Germany
Andersson K, Johnsson F (2007) Flame and radiation characteristics of gas-fired O2/CO2 combustion. Fuel 86:656–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.08.013
Imteyaz B, Habib MA, Ben-Mansour R (2017) The characteristics of oxycombustion of liquid fuel in a typical water-tube boiler. Energy Fuels 31:6305–6313. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00489
Joshi ND, Epstein MJ, Durlak S, Marakovits S (1994) Development of a fuel air premixer for aero-derivative dry low emissions combustors, vol 4. In: ASME Pap 94-GT 1994, p 253
Sullivan-Lewis E, McDonell V (2016) Predicting flameholding for hydrogen and natural gas flames at gas turbine premixer conditions. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 138:121502. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034000
Driscoll JF (2008) Turbulent premixed combustion: flamelet structure and its effect on turbulent burning velocities. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34:91–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.04.002
Cheng RK, Littlejohn D (2008) Laboratory study of premixed H2-Air and H2–N2–Air flames in a low-swirl injector for ultralow emissions gas turbines. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 130:31503. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2836480
Cheng RK, Littlejohn D, Nazeer WA, Smith KO (2008) Laboratory studies of the flow field characteristics of low-swirl injectors for adaptation to fuel-flexible turbines. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 130:21501. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2795786
Wietschel M, Ball M (2009) The future of hydrogen—opportunities and challenges. Hydrog Econ Oppor Challenges 9780521882:613–639. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511635359.021
Edwards PP, Kuznetsov VL, David WIF, Brandon NP (2008) Hydrogen and fuel cells: towards a sustainable energy future. Energy Policy 36:4356–4362. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2008.09.036
European Commission (2008) HyWays: the European hydrogen roadmap: contract SES6-502596, EUR-OP, Luxembourg
Delattin F, Di Lorenzo G, Rizzo S, Bram S, De Ruyck J (2010) Combustion of syngas in a pressurized microturbine-like combustor: experimental results. Appl Energy 87(4):1441–1452
Khalil AE, Gupta AK (2013) Hydrogen addition effects on high intensity distributed combustion. Appl Energy 1(104):71–78
Gu M, Chu H, Liu F (2016) Effects of simultaneous hydrogen enrichment and carbon dioxide dilution of fuel on soot formation in an axisymmetric coflow laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame. Combust Flame 166:216–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.01.023
Imteyaz B, Nemitallah MA, Abdelhafez AA, Habib MA (2018) Combustion behavior and stability map of hydrogen-enriched oxy-methane premixed flames in a model gas turbine combustor. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:16652–16666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.087
Abdelwahid S, Nemitallah MA, Imteyaz B, Abdelhafez AA, Habib MA (2018) On the effects of H2-enrichment and inlet velocity on stability limits and shape of CH4/H2-O2/CO2 flames in a premixed swirl combustor. Energy Fuels 32. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01958
Cheng RK, Oppenheim AK (1984) Autoignition in methanehydrogen mixtures. Combust Flame 58:125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(84)90088-9
Sankaran R, Im HG (2006) Effects of hydrogen addition on the markstein length and flammability limit of stretched methane/air premixed flames. Combust Sci Technol 178:37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200500536217org/10.1080/00102200500536217
Nakahara M, Kido H (2008) Study on the turbulent burning velocity of hydrogen mixtures including hydrocarbons. AIAA J 46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.23560
Daniele S, Jansohn P, Mantzaras J, Boulouchos K (2011) Turbulent flame speed for syngas at gas turbine relevant conditions. Proc Combust Inst 33:2937–2944. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCI.2010.05.057
Daniele S, Jansohn P, Boulouchos K (2009) Experimental investigation of lean premixed syngas combustion at gas turbine relevant conditions: lean blow out limits, emissions and turbulent flame speed. Italian Section of the Combustion Institute
Syred N, Abdulsada M, Griffiths A, O’Doherty T, Bowen P (2012) The effect of hydrogen containing fuel blends upon flashback in swirl burners. Appl Energy 89(1):106–110
Khalil AE, Gupta AK (2013) Fuel flexible distributed combustion for efficient and clean gas turbine engines. Appl Energy 1(109):267–274
Zhang Q, Noble DR, Lieuwen T (2007) Characterization of fuel composition effects in H2∕CO∕CH4 mixtures upon lean blowout. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 129(3):688–694
Chen L, Ghoniem AF (2012) Simulation of oxy-coal combustion in a 100 kW th test facility using RANS and LES: a validation study. Energy Fuels 26:4783–4798. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3006993
Rajhi MA, Ben-Mansour R, Habib MA, Nemitallah MA, Andersson K (2014) Evaluation of gas radiation models in CFD modeling of oxy-combustion. Energy Convers Manag 81:83–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.019
Johansson R, Leckner B, Andersson K, Johnsson F (2011) Account for variations in the H2O to CO2 molar ratio when modelling gaseous radiative heat transfer with the weighted-sum-of-grey-gases model. Combust Flame 158:893–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.02.001
Négishi N (1982) Lean premixture combustion on a coaxial burner. Symp Combust 19:441–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(82)80216-6
Nemitallah MA, Kewlani G, Hong S, Shanbhogue SJ, Habib MA, Ghoniem AF (2015) Investigation of a turbulent premixed combustion flame in a backward-facing step combustor; effect of equivalence ratio. Energy 95:211–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.010
Abdelwahid Suliman, Nemitallah MA, Imteyaz Binash, Abdelhafez AA, Habib MA (2018) Effects of H2 enrichment and inlet velocity on stability limits and shape of CH4/H2–O2/CO2 flames in a premixed swirl combustor. Energy Fuels 32(9):9916–9925
Liao SY, Jiang DM, Huang ZH, Zeng K, Cheng Q (2007) Determination of the laminar burning velocities for mixtures of ethanol and air at elevated temperatures. Appl Therm Eng 27(2–3):374–380
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the support received from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals under Grant number BW191002 for the preparation of this book chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nemitallah, M.A., Abdelhafez, A.A., Habib, M.A. (2020). Operability of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Gas Turbine Combustors. In: Approaches for Clean Combustion in Gas Turbines. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 122. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44077-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44077-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-44076-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-44077-0
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)