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Tumor Microenvironment pp 43–56Cite as

Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Tumor

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1234))

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are the most common types of primary liver cancers. Moreover, the liver is the second most frequently involved organ in cancer metastasis after lymph nodes. The tumor microenvironment is crucial for the development of both primary and secondary liver cancers. The hepatic microenvironment consists of multiple cell types, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, liver-associated lymphocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The microenvironment of a normal liver changes to a tumor microenvironment when tumor cells exist or tumor cells migrate to and multiply in the liver. Interactions between tumor cells and non-transformed cells generate a tumor microenvironment that contributes significantly to tumor progression. HSCs play a central role in the tumor microenvironment crosstalk. As this crosstalk is crucial for liver carcinogenesis and liver-tumor development, elucidating the mechanism underlying the interaction of HSCs with the tumor microenvironment could provide potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.

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Abbreviations

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

CCL2:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

FAP:

Fibroblast activation protein

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GI tract:

Gastrointestinal tract

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HSCs:

Hepatic stellate cells

ICC:

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

IGF-I:

Insulin-like growth factor I

IL:

Interleukin

LSECs:

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

MCP1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

MDSCs:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

MFB:

Myofibroblast

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

NK cell:

Natural killer cell

OPN:

Osteopontin

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

SDF-1:

Stromal cell-derived factor-1

TAMs:

Tumor-associated macrophages

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TILs:

Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes

TIMPs:

Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

α-SMA:

α-smooth muscle actin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

    Hidenori Shiraha, Masaya Iwamuro & Hiroyuki Okada

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  1. Hidenori Shiraha
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  2. Masaya Iwamuro
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  3. Hiroyuki Okada
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Correspondence to Hidenori Shiraha .

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  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Shiraha, H., Iwamuro, M., Okada, H. (2020). Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Tumor. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1234. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_4

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