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Thyroid Hormone and Vascular Remodeling in Heart

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Thyroid and Heart

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Abstract

Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important role in heart vascular system, and both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are associated with altered cardiovascular system. Moreover, several evidences suggest that heart diseases trigger a reduction in cardiac tissue thyroid hormone levels.

This chapter summarizes the beneficial effects of TH on vascular remodeling of heart, analyzing the most important pillars involved in this process: thyroid receptors (TRα and TRβ), angiogenesis, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), renin angiotensin system (RAS), and hyperlipidemia. TH actions occur largely through binding to TRα and TRβ receptors and particularly TRα-reduced vascular contractility of coronary arteries. Triiodothyronine (T3), the biologically active TH, has been found to induce angiogenesis in heart of hypothyroid mice and in rat aorta after 3 days ischemia reperfusion. TH stimulates angiogenesis through transduction of the extracellular kinase ERK 1/2 and AKT signals and transcription of angiogenic genes. Hypothyroidism shows endothelial dysfunction with a reduction in NO, whereas TH therapy improves it, reducing arterial stiffness. A decrease in ROS and NADPH oxidase activity was observed in ventricles and aortic tissue of myocardial infarcted rats treated with TH. Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) that is involved in vascular remodeling has been observed downregulated in the aorta in hyperthyroidism. Finally, in hypothyroidism, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery was significantly higher than that in control and improved after treatment with levothyroxine. In conclusion, this chapter underlines the role of TH in heart vascular remodeling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy

    Silvana Balzan

  2. Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy

    Valter Lubrano

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  1. Silvana Balzan
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  2. Valter Lubrano
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Correspondence to Silvana Balzan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy

    Giorgio Iervasi

  2. Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy

    Alessandro Pingitore

  3. NYITCOM College of Osteopathic Medicine Biomedical Sciences Department, Old Westbury, NY, USA

    A.Martin Gerdes

  4. Institute of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Newcastle University/Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Salman Razvi

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Balzan, S., Lubrano, V. (2020). Thyroid Hormone and Vascular Remodeling in Heart. In: Iervasi, G., Pingitore, A., Gerdes, A., Razvi, S. (eds) Thyroid and Heart . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36871-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36871-5_10

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