Abstract
Recently, the recycle of TiAl scrap becomes an important issue; however, its high oxygen content, which deteriorates mechanical properties, should be deoxidized. In this study, the scrap of TiAl alloy is melted using the water-cooling copper crucible, then the metallic yttrium and calcium fluoride slag are added on this melt. The deoxidation behavior of scrap is investigated, and the change of oxygen concentration is measured to evaluate the performance of this novel deoxidation technology. The results showed that the oxygen content of TiAl alloys under atmospheric pressure varied between 0.169 and 0.182 wt%. When the sample cell was vacuumed, the oxygen content varied between 0.131 and 0.167 wt%. In addition, the TiAl alloy contains a certain amount of element Y after deoxidation. This fact shows that the metallic yttrium and calcium fluoride slag exhibit a good deoxidation for the TiAl alloy melts. It may be one of the promising deoxidation processes of scrap of TiAl alloy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zhang D, Dehm G, Clemens H (2000) Effect of heat-treatments and hot-isostatic pressing on phase transformation and microstructure in a β/B2 containing γ-TiAl based alloy. Scripta Mater 42:1065
Campbell JP, Ritchie RO, Venkateswara KT (1999) The effect of microstructure on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior in γ-titanium aluminide based intermetallics. Metall Mater Trans A 30(3):563
Liu Z, Li P, Xiong L et al (2017) High-temperature tensile deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Ti55 titanium alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 680:259–269
Su Y, Wang L, Luo L et al (2009) Deoxidation of titanium alloy using hydrogen. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(21):8958–8963
Rao BT, Kaul R, Tiwari P et al (2005) Inert gas cutting of titanium sheet with pulsed mode CO2 laser. Opt Lasers Eng 43(12):1330–1348
Fu R, Selph S, McDonagh M et al (2013) Effectiveness and harms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 158(12):890–902
Kawabata T, Abumiya T, Kanai T (1990) Mechanical properties and dislocation structures of TiAl single crystals deformed at 4.2–293 K. Acta Metall Mater 38(8):1381–1393
Okabe TH, Hirota K, Kasai E et al (1998) Thermodynamic properties of oxygen in RE–O (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Er) solid solutions. J Alloys Compd 279:184–191
Okabe TH, Oishi T (1992) Deoxidization of titanium aluminide by Ca–Al alloy under controlled aluminum activity. Metall Mater Trans B 23B(10):583–590
Fu R, Selph S, McDonagh M, Peterson K et al (2013) Effectiveness and harms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 158:890–902
Okabe TH, Jacob KT, Waseda Y (2001) Removal of oxygen in reactive metals. Purification process and characterization of ultra high purity metals. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–30
Bartosinski M, Hassan-Pour S, Friedrich B et al (2016) Deoxidation limits of titanium alloys during pressure electro slag remelting. Mater Sci Eng 143:1–10
Okabe TH, Hamanaka Y, Taninouchi Y (2016) Direct oxygen removal technique for recycling titanium using molten MgCl2 salt. The R Soc Chem 2016 Faraday Discuss 190:109–126
Kobayashi Y, Tsukihashi F (1998) Thermodynamics of yttrium and oxygen in molten Ti, Ti3Al, and TiAl. Metall Mater Trans B 29B:1037–1042
Waseda Y, Isshiki M (eds) (2001) Purification process and characterization of ultra high purity metals, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–37
Guo JJ, Jia J, Liu Y et al (2000) Evaporation behavior of aluminum during the cold crucible induction skull melting of titanium aluminum alloys. Metall Mater Trans B 31(4):837–844 (in Chinese)
Zevin L, Kimmel G (1995) Quantitative X-ray diffractometry. Springer, New York
Wang K (2009) Phase diagram calculation of oxides for designing refractories for melting titanium and its alloys. Master thesis, Shanghai University (in Chinese)
Kong F, Xu X, Chen Y et al (2012) Microstructure and mechanical properties of large size as-cast Ti–43Al–9V–0.2Y (at.%) alloy ingot from brim to centre. Mater Des 33:485–490
Bu MJ, Wang PS, Xu HH et al (2010) Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Zr-Y system. J Min Metall, Sect B: Metall 46(2):181–192
Chen YY, Li BH, Kong FT (2008) Microstructural refinement and mechanical properties of Y-bearing TiAl alloys. J Alloy Compd 457:265–269
Li Q, Yang ZD, Xia CQ et al (2019) Effects of Y addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-25Zr alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 748:236–243
Aninat R, Valle N, Chemin J-B et al (2019) Addition of Ta and Y in a hard Ti-Al-N PVD coating: Individual and conjugated effect on the oxidation and wear properties. Corros Sci 156:171–180
Zhou F, Wang KL, Lu SQ et al (2019) Effect of adding rare earth element Y on high temperature deformation behavior and hot working process of Ti2AlNb based alloy. J Plast Eng 26(3):153–160 (in Chinese)
Zhang DD (2016) Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. Master thesis, Harbin Institute of Technology (in Chinese)
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral (Ministry of Education) open subject; the National Natural Science Foundation of China-CHINA BAOWU STEEL GROUP Joint research fund for iron and steel (No. U1860203); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1760109); Shanghai education commission innovation program (No. 15ZS030).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jiao, L. et al. (2020). Deoxidation of TiAl Alloy Scraps with Metallic Yttrium and Calcium Fluoride Slag. In: TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_156
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_156
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36295-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36296-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)