Abstract
In this chapter, as in Chap. 7, the challenge of exploring plausible reified network models of order higher than two is addressed. This time another less usual option for application was addressed: the notion of Strange Loop which from a philosophical perspective sometimes is claimed to be at the basis of human intelligence and consciousness. This notion will be illustrated by examples from music, graphic art and paradoxes, and by Hofstadter’s claims about how Strange Loops apply to the brain. A reified adaptive network model of order higher than 2 was found, that even can be considered as being of infinite order. An example simulation shows the upward and downward interactions between the different levels, together with the processes within the levels. Another example addresses adaptive decision making according to two levels that are mutually reifying each other, as in Escher’s Drawing Hands lithograph.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Davis, R.: Meta-rules: reasoning about control. Artif. Intell. 15, 179–222 (1980)
Davis, R., Buchanan, B.G.: Meta-level knowledge: overview and applications. In: Proceedings of 5th IJCAI, pp. 920–927 (1977)
Escher, M.C.: Drawing hands (1948)
Escher, M.C.: Print gallery (1956)
Escher, M.C.: Ascending and Descending (1960)
Fessler, D.M.T., Clark, J.A., Clint, E.K.: Evolutionary psychology and evolutionary anthropology. In: Buss, D.M. (ed.) The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, pp. 1029–1046, Wiley and Sons (2015)
Fessler, D.M.T., Eng, S.J., Navarrete, C.D.: Elevated disgust sensitivity in the first trimester of pregnancy: evidence supporting the compensatory prophylaxis hypothesis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 26(4), 344–351 (2005)
Fleischman, D.S., Fessler, D.M.T.: Progesterone’s effects on the psychology of disease avoidance: support for the compensatory behavioral prophylaxis hypothesis. Horm. Behav. 59(2), 271–275 (2011)
Galton, A.: Operators vs. arguments: the ins and outs of reification. Synthese 150, 415–441 (2006)
Gannon, T.: Strange loops: toward an aesthetics for the anthropocene. J. Arch. Educ. 71(2), 142–145 (2017)
Hendlin, Y.H.: I am a fake loop: the effects of advertising-based artificial selection. Biosemiotics 12(1), 131–156 (2019)
Hofstadter, D.R.: Gödel, Escher, Bach. Basic Books, New York (1979)
Hofstadter, D.R.: What is it like to be a strange loop? In: Kriegel, U., Williford, K. (eds.) Self-Representational Approaches to Consciousness. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)
Hofstadter, D.R.: I Am a Strange Loop. Basic Books, New York (2007)
Jones, B.C., Perrett, D.I., Little, A.C., Boothroyd, L., Cornwell, R.E., Feinberg, D.R., Tiddeman, B.P., Whiten, S., Pitman, R.M., Hillier, S.G., Burt, D.M., Stirrat, M.R., Law Smith, M.J., Moore, F.R.: Menstrual cycle, pregnancy and oral contraceptive use alter attraction to apparent health in faces. Proc. R. Soc. B 5(272), 347–354 (2005)
Kriegel, U., Williford, K. (eds.).: Self-Representational Approaches to Consciousness. MIT Press, Cambridge (2006)
Nagel, E., Newman, J.: Gödel’s Proof. New York University Press, New York (1965)
Smorynski, C.: The incompleteness theorems. In: Barwise, J. (ed.) Handbook of Mathematical Logic, vol. 4, pp. 821–865. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1977)
Sterling, L., Beer, R.: Metainterpreters for expert system construction. J. Logic Program. 6, 163–178 (1989)
Strijbos, D., Glas, G.: Self-knowledge in personality disorder: self-referentiality as a stepping stone for psychotherapeutic understanding. J. Pers. Dis. 32(3), 295–310 (2018)
Treur, J.: Network-Oriented Modeling: Addressing Complexity of Cognitive, Affective and Social Interactions. Springer Publishers (2016)
Treur, J.: Network reification as a unified approach to represent network adaptation principles within a network. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, TPNC’18. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11324, pp. 344–358. Springer Publishers (2018a)
Treur, J.: Multilevel network reification: representing higher-order adaptivity in a network. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications, Complex Networks’ 18, vol. 1. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 812, pp. 635–651. Springer (2018b)
Treur, J.: The ins and outs of network-oriented modeling: from biological networks and mental networks to social networks and beyond. Trans. Comput. Collective Intell. 32, 120–139 (Springer Publishers. Contents of Keynote Lecture at ICCCI’18) (2019a)
Treur, J.: Design of a Software Architecture for Multilevel Reified Temporal-Causal Networks. Doi: https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.23492.07045. Url: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333662169 (2019b)
Weyhrauch, R.W.: Prolegomena to a theory of mechanized formal reasoning. Artif. Intell. 13, 133–170 (1980)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Treur, J. (2020). Higher-Order Reified Adaptive Network Models with a Strange Loop. In: Network-Oriented Modeling for Adaptive Networks: Designing Higher-Order Adaptive Biological, Mental and Social Network Models. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 251. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31445-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31445-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31444-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31445-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)